Catholicism dominated Dutch religion until the early 16th century, when the Protestant Reformation began to develop. Lutheranism did not gain much support among the Dutch, but Calvinism, introduced two decades later, did.

Other Native Americans joined the British side and fought to defeat the American invasion of Canada in 1775-1776. British policies before the war had tried to limit the encroachment of white settlers onto Native lands, while American colonists were eager to expand westward.

The republic experienced a decline in the 18th century. It was exhausted by its long land wars, its fleet was in a state of neglect, and its colonial empire stagnated and was eclipsed by that of England. In 1795 the republic collapsed under the impact of a Dutch democratic revolution and invading French armies.

The century from the conclusion of the Twelve Years’ Truce in 1609 until either the death of Prince William III in 1702 or the conclusion of the Peace of Utrecht in 1713 is known in Dutch history as the “Golden Age.” It was a unique era of political, economic, and cultural greatness during which the little nation on …

Although some of the Netherlands had come under Viking control, in 870 it technically became part of East Francia, which became the Holy Roman Empire in 962.

We know of Viking attacks and a few hoards, but otherwise history and archaeology show us that Frisia belonged to Francia in the Viking Age (800-1050). By being both in the sphere of influence of Franks and Vikings, Frisia develops a central position in the intercultural contact in the Viking Age.

Their territory may have stretched into Gelderland. Caesar claimed to have destroyed the name of the Eburones, but in Roman times Tacitus reports that the Germani Cisrhenani had taken up a new name, the Tungri.