A new study suggests that a subtle genetic difference may be responsible for some of the normal variation found in human memory and learning function. Researchers identified two different inherited forms of a gene vital for learning and memory, known as BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor).

Learning and memory: DLG3:Discs, large homolog 3 (DLG3) is a gene associated with learning and memory. DLG3 encodes synapse-associated protein 102 (SAP102). During early brain development, SAP102 is expressed in neurons in the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses.

Summary: In the largest study of the genetics of memory ever undertaken, an international research team has discovered two common genetic variants that are believed to be associated with memory performance. The findings are a significant step towards better understanding how memory loss is inherited.

A gene is a basic unit of heredity in a living organism. Genes come from our parents. We may inherit our physical traits and the likelihood of getting certain diseases and conditions from a parent. Genes contain the data needed to build and maintain cells and pass genetic information to offspring.

Personality is not determined by any single gene, but rather by the actions of many genes working together. Behavioural genetics refers to a variety of research techniques that scientists use to learn about the genetic and environmental influences on human behaviour.

Many of these studies have focused on similarities and differences in IQ within families, particularly looking at adopted children and twins. These studies suggest that genetic factors underlie about 50 percent of the difference in intelligence among individuals.

Most girls start their periods when they’re about 12, but they can start as early as 8, so it’s important to talk to girls from an early age to make sure they’re prepared.

In girls, signs of precocious (prih-KOE-shiss) puberty include: breast development before age 7 or 8. start of menstruation (her period) before age 10. rapid height growth (a growth spurt) before age 7 or 8.

Most young people will have their first periods when they’re between 11 and 14½, but anywhere from 9-16 years is considered normal. Periods are likely to start soon if your child has: had a major growth spurt. grown some underarm and pubic hair.

Children with lower-nutrient diets tend to enter puberty earlier. A diet rich in processed foods and meats, dairy, and fast food is disruptive to normal physical development.

If your child doesn’t ask questions about periods, you can bring it up. By the time they’re 6 or 7 years old, most kids can understand the basics of periods. Look for a natural moment to talk about it, such as: when kids asks about puberty or changing bodies.