The endosymbiotic theory states that some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes.

The hypothesis that eukaryotic cells evolved from a symbiotic association of prokaryotes—endosymbiosis—is particularly well supported by studies of mitochondria and chloroplasts, which are thought to have evolved from bacteria living in large cells.

Scientists think that protists are the oldest eukaryotes. Protists most likely evolved from prokaryotic cells, as explained by the endosymbiotic theory. This theory is well-supported by evidence.

Endosymbiosis gives the idea of how eukaryotes/prokaryotes share a common ancestor through mitochondria/chloroplasts (in eukaryotic cells) originated with the bacteria’s of proteobacteria/cyanobacteria. A clade: two or more organisms that may have evolved from a common ancestor.

nucleoid

In eukaryotes (1) Single DNA strand. (2) Chromatin strand (DNA with histones). (3) Chromatin during interphase with centromere. (4) Two copies of condensed chromatin together during prophase.

Eukaryotes consist of membrane bound nucleus whereas prokaryotes lack a membranebound nucleus. The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA is that prokaryotic DNA is found in the cytoplasm whereas eukaryotic DNA is packed into the nucleus of the cell.

Shikha Goyal

Prokaryotic Cell	Eukaryotic cell
Nucleus is absent	Nucleus is present
Membrane-bound nucleus absent.	Membrane-bound Nucleus is present.
One chromosome is present, but not true chromosome plastids	More than one number of chromosomes is present.
Unicellular	Multicellular

Prokaryotic DNA is not “naked” in the strict sense, being complexed by thousands of molecules of the nucleoid-associated proteins and transcription factors, and yet the mass ratio of basic protein to DNA in prokaryotic chromosomes is only ∼0.02, in line with histoneless chromosomes of dinoflagellates (65).

Prokaryotic cells are haploid, meaning they do not have chromosomes that occur in homologous pairs. Most prokaryotic cells have just one chromosome, so they are classified as haploid cells (1n, without paired chromosomes).

A prokaryote is a typically unicellular organism that lacks a nuclear membrane-enclosed nucleus. The word prokaryote comes from the Greek πρό (pro, ‘before’) and κάρυον (karyon, ‘nut’ or ‘kernel’).

A eukaryote is an organism whose cells contain a nucleus within a membrane. The word eukaryote comes from the Greek eu, “well,” and karyon, “nut or kernel,” which is a common scientific word-forming element that’s used to talk about the nuclei of cells.

“Karyose” comes from a Greek word which means “kernel,” as in a kernel of grain. In biology, we use this word root to refer to the nucleus of a cell. “Pro” means “before,” and “eu” means “true,” or “good.” So “Prokaryotic” means “before a nucleus,” and “eukaryotic” means “possessing a true nucleus.”

Literally meaning to possess a “true nucleus,” eukaryotes consist of animals and plants. Clearly seen under a microscope, the enclosed nucleus separates these cells from prokaryotes; in addition, eukaryotic cells also contain organelles.

The human body is a combination of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The human body contains a large number of prokaryotes. In the real sense of it, the number of prokaryotes in the human body exceeds the number of human cells present in the body. Prokaryotes do not only live in the human body.

4 Answers. Are red blood cells prokaryotic? No! There are many more differences between procaryotes and eukaryotes than just the presence of a nucleus.

Humans are eukaryotes. Like all other eukaryotes, human cells have a membrane-bound organelles and a definite nucleus.

Human cells Our cells are eukaryotic. Because they having more organelles, they differ from prokaryotic cells (bacteria). Organelles are like the “organs” of a cell. They are specialized for different tasks for example the cell nucleus which stores the genetic information (DNA) or the ribosomes which build proteins.

This article will discuss the histology of most important types of cells in the human organism.

• Stem cells.
• Red blood cells.
• White blood cells. Neutrophils. Eosinophils. Basophils. Lymphocytes.
• Platelets.
• Nerve cells.
• Neuroglial cells.
• Muscle cells. Skeletal muscle cells. Cardiac muscle cells. Smooth muscle cells.
• Cartillage cells.

All human cells are considered eukaryotes, this is because their genetic material is in the form of chromosomes within a nucleus envelope. Another way in which eukaryotes differ is that eukaryotes also contain organelles, such as mitochondria, prokaryotes do not contain these.

The most obvious difference between them is that prokaryotes have no nuclei, but there are four major differences between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell: No prokaryotic cell has a nucleus; every eukaryotic cell has a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells have no mitochondria; nearly every eukaryotic cell has mitochondria.

Human cells only have a cell membrane. The cell wall is primarily made of cellulose, which is composed of glucose monomers. As the outermost layer of the cell, it has many important functions. It prevents the plasma membrane from bursting as a result of water uptake and it determines the overall cell shape and texture.

Within the nucleus, DNA molecules, the cell’s genetic machinery, are stored, repaired, transcribed and eventually replicated. Around the outside of the nucleus is an envelope consisting of two layers of membrane.

The nucleus (plural, nuclei) houses the cell’s genetic material, or DNA, and is also the site of synthesis for ribosomes, the cellular machines that assemble proteins. Inside the nucleus, chromatin (DNA wrapped around proteins, described further below) is stored in a gel-like substance called nucleoplasm.

The nucleus is considered to be one of the most important structures of eukaryotic cells as it serves the function of information storage, retrieval and duplication of genetic information. It is a double membrane-bound organelle that harbours the genetic material in the form of chromatin.

How do the nucleus and ribosomes work together? The nucleolus within the nucleus synthesizes ribosome subunits, which are assembled into ribosomes outside the nucleus. The nucleus then supplies mRNA to the ribosomes to code for protein construction.