The first civilizations appeared in locations where the geography was favorable to intensive agriculture. Governments and states emerged as rulers gained control over larger areas and more resources, often using writing and religion to maintain social hierarchies and consolidate power over larger areas and populations.

Towns grew up along the rivers which had access to the sea. Rivers also provided protection from invaders. Farmers grew crops in the fertile fields that surrounded the towns. The lack of mountains was good for farming, but it made the towns easier to be invaded by enemies.

Answer: Water and soil brought by the Tigris and Euphrates helped to make this civilization possible. The farmers figured out how to use the two rivers to make the land more fertile. As in some early cultures, the farmers of Mesopotamia produced surplus crops.

Answer: The geography of the region helped to shape the government and culture of the Ancient Greeks. Geographical formations including mountains, seas, and islands formed natural barriers between the Greek city-states and forced the Greeks to settle along the coast.

The Egyptians introduced metalworking and gem cutting. The Egyptians taught the Greeks a new system of writing. The Egyptians taught the Greeks new shipbuilding techniques.

How did settlers of ancient Greece adapt to the climate and geography of the mountainous regions? – They developed cities along the large mountain rivers. – They developed extensive trade routes through the mountains. – They used fertile mountain farmland for growing grapes and olives.

Another way geography influenced Greek development was islands, peninsulas, and mountains caused Greeks to form independent city-states. The final reason why the development of Ancient Greece was influenced by geography is that the Greeks had a strong navy because of their location on the sea.

Greek city-states likely developed because of the physical geography of the Mediterranean region. The landscape features rocky, mountainous land and many islands. These physical barriers caused population centers to be relatively isolated from each other. The sea was often the easiest way to move from place to place.

The many mountains in Greece, in addition to its many islands, created countless natural barriers. Grains and crops that grow well on hillsides, such as barley, olives, and grapes became staples of the Greek diet. Hillsides are also useful for grazing animals, such as sheep, goats, and cattle.

Explanation: Some cities, like Athens, were surrounded by hills on all sides except one side by ocean. This made Athens quite secluded, physically. Other cities on plains/valleys, such as Sparta, had easy access to wide areas of land, but did not often interact much.

Finally, in 405 BC, at the Battle of Aegospotami , Lysander captured the Athenian fleet in the Hellespont. Lysander then sailed to Athens and closed off the Port of Piraeus. Athens was forced to surrender, and Sparta won the Peloponnesian War in 404 BC.

The Peloponnesian War was a war fought in ancient Greece between Athens and Sparta—the two most powerful city-states in ancient Greece at the time (431 to 405 B.C.E.). The war featured two periods of combat separated by a six-year truce.

Sparta is far superior to Athens because their army was fierce and protective, girls received some education and women had more freedom than in other poleis. First, the army of Sparta was the strongest fighting force in Greece. This made Sparta one of the safest cities to live in.