An officer of Duke writes to a Member of Congress urging him or her to vote against an amendment that will be offered during the debate on a bill. This constitutes lobbying because it states a view about specific legislation.

Lobbyists provide written updates for their employers on legislative bills and activities. They track bills and ballots impacting their industry and develop legislative agendas based on political goals. They also assist with document reviews and political messaging on behalf of their organization.

The goals and strategies for lobbyists are the same whether they work for large organizations, private individuals, or the general public. Primarily, their objectives are to persuade and to sway politicians to vote for or against legislation, by tailoring appeals to support certain individuals or groups.

Typically, lobbyists are people who have worked on Capitol Hill, former members of Congress, lawyers with experience writing laws, or policy experts. People who know how the system works are typically better at influencing Congress than your average citizen.

Lobbying is an important lever for a productive government. Without it, governments would struggle to sort out the many, many competing interests of its citizens. Fortunately, lobbying provides access to government legislators, acts as an educational tool, and allows individual interests to gain power in numbers.

Bribery occurs when a person offers something of value to another person in order to receive something in exchange. For instance, your mom might bribe you into coming home for the holidays by offering to cook your favorite food. The food is what she is offering, and your attendance is the exchange.

Bribery can category in three types that is active bribery, passive bribery and facilitation payment. Active bribery is the person who promises to gives the bribe commits the offense while passive bribery is offense committed by the official who receives the bribes.

The types of bribery include:

• #1: Bribery and Kickbacks. Bribery may involve the transfer of favors or compensation in exchange for a specific beneficial treatment or decision.
• #2: Bribes and Public Officials.
• #3: Bribing of (or by) a Witness.
• #4: Bribing a Foreign Official.
• #5: Bank Bribery.
• #6: Sporting Bribes.

A kickback is a form of negotiated bribery in which a commission is paid to the bribe-taker in exchange for services rendered. The kickback varies from other kinds of bribes in that there is implied collusion between agents of the two parties, rather than one party extorting the bribe from the other.

Bribery – means giving or receiving an unearned reward to influence someone’s behaviour. One common form of bribery is a “kickback” – an unearned reward following favourable treatment. Corruption – is any unlawful or improper behaviour that seeks to gain an advantage through illegitimate means.