First attested in English in the early 15th century, originally in a range of senses encompassing ‘(public) policy; state; public order’, the word police comes from Middle French police (public order, administration, government), in turn from Latin politia, which is the Latinisation of the Greek πολιτεία (politeia), ” …

The modern police force started in the early 1900s, but its origins date back to the colonies. In the South in the 1700s, patrol groups were created to stop runaway slaves. Now police departments across the country are facing accusations of brutality and racial profiling.

The first publicly funded, organized police force with officers on duty full-time was created in Boston in 1838. These merchants came up with a way to save money by transferring to the cost of maintaining a police force to citizens by arguing that it was for the “collective good.”

1844

Public Officers of Law,Intelligence,Crime and Emergency. Governmental » Law & Legal. Rate it: POLICE. Protection Of Life and Investigating Criminals Establishment.

In 1838, the city of Boston established the first American police force, followed by New York City in 1845, Albany, NY and Chicago in 1851, New Orleans and Cincinnati in 1853, Philadelphia in 1855, and Newark, NJ and Baltimore in 1857 (Harring 1983, Lundman 1980; Lynch 1984).

Adapting to new levels of transparency that were nonexistent a decade ago. Adopting new policies to promote improved police-community relations. Deploying new technologies that help police do their jobs, while also changing the way they interact with the community.

From Private to Public Policing Each member of the group was given authority to enforce the established rules, and individuals who deviated from For students of policing, an appreciation of history is essential in order to understand the contemporary structure of law enforcement in the United States today.

police, body of officers representing the civil authority of government. Police typically are responsible for maintaining public order and safety, enforcing the law, and preventing, detecting, and investigating criminal activities. These functions are known as policing.

The concept of a police force or law enforcement profession was created in order to maintain order and control in society as the population grew. The police profession was never created to stop crime. The police force was used to warn towns of danger, catch stagecoach thieves, and control public disorderly conduct.

A frankpledge group was responsible for making sure that any criminal in their group was brought to court or the group itself was fined. With origins in the Anglo-Saxon period, the system became regularized under the reign of Canute (1016-1035).

Frankpledge, system in medieval England under which all but the greatest men and their households were bound together by mutual responsibility to keep the peace.

: an Anglo-Saxon system under which each adult male member of a tithing was responsible for the good conduct of the others also : the member himself or the tithing.

Order maintenance policing is a police practice that involves managing minor offenses and neighborhood disorders in order to address community problems. Order maintenance policing has been credited with crime reduction in cities across the United States, most notably in New York City during the 1990s.

Crime Prevention Tips: Make Your Home Look Occupied: Leave some lights and a radio on when you’re out. Lock Your Doors: Never leave your house open for “just a moment,” always lock your doors when you’re out. Use Deadbolt Locks: A deadbolt lock is a good deterrent to burglars.

Most governments maintain by having a police force, placing/implementing laws, and prison are some examples, anything that keeps the government stable or values or people.

Wilson discovered three distinctive styles of policing: the legalistic, the watchman, and the service styles. Police agencies with a legalistic orientation focused strictly on law enforcement activities, whereas those with a service style focused on providing needed services to residents and business owners.

community policing is the predominant policing style. community, police officers often make sure that no one is working on an illegal action.

A well-known research study identified three main policing styles. They are the watchman, legalistic, and service styles. The watchman style places an emphasis on maintaining order, but through informal methods.

These include answering calls for service, deterring crime by a highly visible police presence, and investigating suspicious circumstances. Of these three major functions of patrol, crime deterrence is the most controversial.

Definition of ‘policing’ 1. the activities carried out by police officers in order to preserve law and order. the policing of public places. 2. the actions of a person or group in authority in order to ensure fairness and legality in an area of public life.

In addition, there is a cluster of five innovative strategies (POP, zero tolerance policing, hot spots policing, intelligence-led policing, and predictive policing). The five strategies are primarily developed to address a variety of crime events and sometimes share a common trademark, a geographic focus.

James Q. Wilson identified three styles of policing: watchman style, legalistic style, and service style. The watchman style distinguishes between two mandates of policing: order maintenance and law enforcement.

Three of the most important tactical elements of community policing are positive interaction, partnerships, and problem solving.

The three key components of community policing strategies are organizational transformation, community partnerships, and shared problem solving.

Chapter 6 discusses the five core operational strategies of police departments—preventive patrol, routine incident response, emergency response, criminal investigation, and problem-solving—as well as support services. These operational strategies highlight how police work in a democratic society.

The most serious form of corruption exists: when it becomes organized and penetrates the higher levels of the department. The most popular explanation of police corruption is the so-called “rotten apple” theory.

“Operations strategy is the total pattern of decisions which shape the long-term capabilities of any type of operations and their contribution to the overall strategy,” they write. Technology and business models are rapidly changing, so businesses must keep pace and look to the future.

Vollmer, along with others, developed a model of professional policing, which has six elements:

• The force should stay out of politics.
• Members should be well-trained, well-disciplines, and tightly organized.
• Laws should be enforced equally.
• The force should use new technology.
• Personnel procedures should be based on merit.

Sir Robert Peel