Today, antimatter is primarily found in cosmic rays – extraterrestrial high-energy particles that form new particles as they zip into the Earth’s atmosphere. It also appears when scientists smash together particles boosted to high energies in machines called accelerators.

When antimatter and regular matter touch together, they destroy each other and release lots of energy in the form of radiation (usually gamma rays). If it’s a small amount, it’s totally safe. If it’s a large amount, the gamma radiation would be enough to kill you or cause serious harm.

How much antimatter would our villain need to annihilate with “normal” matter in order to release the amounts of energy required for the destruction of Earth? Lots! Approximately 2.5 trillion tons of antimatter.

An antimatter weapon is a theoretically possible device using antimatter as a power source, a propellant, or an explosive for a weapon. Annihilation requires and converts exactly equal masses of antimatter and matter by the collision which releases the entire mass-energy of both, which for 1 gram is ~9×1013 joules.

Humans have created only a tiny amount of antimatter. Antimatter-matter annihilations have the potential to release a huge amount of energy. A gram of antimatter could produce an explosion the size of a nuclear bomb.

A lack of mysterious deaths from hypothetical ‘macros’ suggests dark matter is small and dense. Some could seriously injure any unlucky humans they pass through, but a lack of mysterious deaths suggests the biggest potential macros don’t exist.

In the game series Mass Effect, dark matter is manifested in the form of a substance called “Element Zero”, which is informally referred to as “eezo”. The dark energy that eezo produces is harnessed to power FTL travel, and prenatal exposure to eezo is capable of giving humans telekinetic abilities.

Physicists previously estimated that dark matter particles had to be lighter than the “Planck mass” – about 1.2 x 10^19 GeV, at least a 1,000 times heavier than the largest-known particles — yet heavier than 10^minus 24 eV to fit with observations of the smallest galaxies known to contain dark matter, he said.

We don’t know the mass or number density of dark matter particles in the Universe. All we know, when it comes to dark matter, is the total mass density that’s out there. We have no idea how many particles there are or what their masses are.

Evidence of existence. The evidence for dark energy is indirect but comes from three independent sources: Distance measurements and their relation to redshift, which suggest the universe has expanded more in the last half of its life.

It turns out that roughly 68% of the universe is dark energy. Dark matter makes up about 27%. The rest – everything on Earth, everything ever observed with all of our instruments, all normal matter – adds up to less than 5% of the universe.

The total mass of dark matter is fixed, so as the Universe expands and the volume increases, the density of dark matter drops, just like it does for normal matter. As space expands, the dark energy density remains constant, rather than decreasing or increasing.

Dark Energy is a hypothetical form of energy that exerts a negative, repulsive pressure, behaving like the opposite of gravity. It has been hypothesised to account for the observational properties of distant type Ia supernovae, which show the universe going through an accelerated period of expansion.

Stress can destroy your body’s hormone balance, impair the immune system, and drain your positive brain chemicals. Negative energy in the form of poorly expressed anger can cause dysfunction of the heart and digestive system. Repeated negative thoughts are associated with poor sleep quality.

Dark energy is the name given to the mysterious force that’s causing the rate of expansion of our universe to accelerate over time, rather than to slow down. That’s contrary to what one might expect from a universe that began in a Big Bang. Astronomers in the 20th century learned the universe is expanding.

Dark energy is caused by energy inherent to the fabric of space itself, and as the Universe expands, it’s the energy density — the energy-per-unit-volume — that remains constant. As a result, a Universe filled with dark energy will see its expansion rate remain constant, rather than drop at all.