1: Cellular location of eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA: Eukaryotic DNA is stored in a nucleus, whereas prokaryotic DNA is in the cytoplasm in the form of a nucleoid.

While most prokaryotes, like E. coli, contain a single circular DNA molecule that makes up their entire genome, recent studies have indicated that some prokaryotes contain as many as four linear or circular chromosomes. For example, Vibrio cholerae, the bacteria that causes cholera, contains two circular chromosomes.

In a prokaryotic cell, the DNA is in the cytoplasm, and in a eukaryotic cell, the DNA is located in the nucleus.

While a structure such as a nucleus is only found in eukaryotes, every cell needs ribosomes to manufacture proteins. Those floating ribosomes make proteins that will be used inside of the cell. Other ribosomes are found on the endoplasmic reticulum. Endoplasmic reticulum with attached ribosomes is called rough ER.

Lysosomes are found in all animal cells, but are most numerous in disease-fighting cells, such as white blood cells. This is because white blood cells must digest more material than most other types of cells in their quest to battle bacteria, viruses, and other foreign intruders.

The ribosome is a complex molecule made of ribosomal RNA molecules and proteins that form a factory for protein synthesis in cells. In 1955, George E. Palade discovered ribosomes and described them as small particles in the cytoplasm that preferentially associated with the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.

Ribosomes are small structures where proteins are made. Although they are not enclosed within a membrane, they are frequently considered organelles.

Section 9.7Organelle DNAs. Although the vast majority of DNA in most eukaryotes is found in the nucleus, some DNA is present within the mitochondria of animals, plants, and fungi and within the chloroplasts of plants.

A ribosome is not permanently affixed to one spot on the ER, but rather repeatedly attaches and detaches during the protein-making process. The function of the attached ribosomes is to create proteins for use by the cell membrane or for export to other parts of the body.

DNA cannot leave the nucleus because that would risk it getting damaged. DNA carries the genetic code and all of the information needed for cells and…

A ribosome itself looks like a little hamburger bun. It’s made of two subunits: a big one (the top bun) and a small one (the bottom bun). Eukaryotic ribosomes are found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER or rough ER for short).

The Golgi apparatus (GA), also called Golgi body or Golgi complex and found universally in both plant and animal cells, is typically comprised of a series of five to eight cup-shaped, membrane-covered sacs called cisternae that look something like a stack of deflated balloons.

Animal and plant cells have some of the same cell components in common including a nucleus, Golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton, and cell (plasma) membrane.