In the beginning when passengers are waiting to board the hot air balloons and the balloon is laying on the ground it has its maximum potential energy. Once the balloon begins to fill up with air, and heat is applied to that air it starts changing from potential energy to kinetic energy.

This transfer of heat energy away from the ground by the vertical movement of air is called “free convection” or “natural convection.” A hot air balloon rises because warmer air is less dense than cool air. Since the balloon is less dense than the air around it, it becomes positively buoyant.

Convection

When the air inside the balloon is heated, the speed of movement of those air molecules increases and the pressure goes up. After a while the balloon is completely expanded and the flight is ready to take off.

Proving Air Is Matter When you puff air into it, the balloon expands, so you know it is filled with something—air is taking up the space. You’ll also notice that a balloon filled with air sinks to the ground. That’s because compressed air is heavier than its surroundings, so the air has mass or weight.

This is why when a balloon is released, the high-pressure air flows out of the balloon to the low-pressure air surrounding it: “Winds blow from high to low.” If the hole in the bottle is then plugged, the balloon stays inflated even when the mouth is removed.

In the lung model when we push up the balloons which act as lungs in this model, they deflate and push out the air. The balloons deflate and push out all the air it could, or get smaller. It increases the space and less pressure induces inside the lungs. Overall it represents the expansion and contraction of lungs.

How To Make A Floating Balloon Without Helium

1. Take a bottle and fill it the mixture of Sodium hydroxide and aluminum.
2. Add water inside the bottle.
3. Now its time to attach a balloon to the top of this bottle containing the mixture that we just mentioned here.

How you do it:

1. Use a funnel to add 1/3 cup baking soda to the inside of a balloon.
2. Fill a plastic bottle with approximately 1 cup vinegar.
3. Attach the balloon to the mouth of the plastic bottle, then lift the balloon upright so the baking soda falls and causes the reaction.

Argon can be used instead of Helium and is preferred for certain types of metal. Helium is used for lots of lighter than air applications and Hydrogen is a suitable replacement for many where the flammable nature of Hydrogen is not an issue.

Instructions:

1. Use a funnel to pour vinegar into your bottle.
2. Pour baking soda into your balloon.
3. Cover the top of the bottle and lift your balloon and let the baking soda fall into the vinegar.

The alpha particles that are emitted from the decaying atom bond with loose electrons underground, producing helium atoms. Currently, this natural process is the only method with which helium is produced on Earth. In other words: You cannot make your own helium!

helium

Pour two teaspoons of baking soda into your balloon, and pour half a cup of acetic acid into the bottle. Don’t add too much soda! Insert the bottleneck into the balloon’s neck and straighten the balloon: the baking soda in the balloon will fall into the bottle and meet the vinegar.

A balloon is a flexible bag that can be inflated with a gas, such as helium, hydrogen, nitrous oxide, oxygen, and air. For special tasks, balloons can be filled with smoke, liquid water, granular media (e.g. sand, flour or rice), or light sources.

A balloon can be defined as an inflatable flexible bag filled with a gas, such as helium, hydrogen, nitrous oxide, oxygen, or air.

This is why the balloon filled with helium does nothing more than pop. Hydrogen gas is very flammable. This is why the balloon filled with hydrogen ignites. The heat given off by the candle provides the activation energy required for the reaction that produces water from hydrogen and oxygen.

Hydrogen gas forms explosive mixtures with air in concentrations from 4–74% and with chlorine at 5–95%. The explosive reactions may be triggered by spark, heat, or sunlight. The hydrogen autoignition temperature, the temperature of spontaneous ignition in air, is 500 °C (932 °F).

“Since hydrogen is an unstable, inflammable gas, there is a great danger associated with hydrogen balloons. They easily explode and catch fire.

Here I used NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide/Caustic soda),water and Aluminium. Reaction — 2 Al + 2 NaOH + 2 H2O → 2 NaAlO2 + 3 H2 This produce Hydrogen gas.

The Chemistry A helium balloon will not explode if a flame is applied to it. Further, although hydrogen is flammable, the explosion is limited by the relatively low percentage of oxygen in the air. Balloons filled with a mix of hydrogen and oxygen explode much more violently and loudly.

These balloons are commonly called helium balloons, which is a misnomer since helium is not flammable and a helium balloon will not explode when it comes in contact with fire. Helium, being less dense than air, is an inert gas and is classified as one of the noble gases as they do not react under normal circumstances.