They found that China and Indonesia are the top sources of plastic bottles, bags and other rubbish clogging up global sea lanes. Together, both nations account for more than a third of plastic detritus in global waters, according to a report in The Wall Street Journal.

Tarapur

India has adopted closed fuel cycle option, which involves reprocessing and recycling of the spent fuel. During reprocessing, only about two to three percent of the spent fuel becomes waste and the rest is recycled. Nuclear power plants are supposed to submit “return of waste disposed” to AERB.

India. Following China’s ban, India’s scrap plastic imports increased by the bucket-load from 12,000 tonnes per month in 2016 to 35,000 tonnes per month in mid-2018, according to a Greenpeace report. The country was overwhelmed by the quantity, with too few recycling facilities to manage waste properly.

Most of the plastic waste comes from countries like Japan, the United States and Germany, which were the biggest net exporters of plastic scrap and waste in 2019.

Top five best recycling countries

1. Germany – 56.1% Since 2016, Germany has had the highest recycling rate in the world, with 56.1% of all waste it produced last year being recycled.
2. Austria – 53.8%
3. South Korea – 53.7%
4. Wales – 52.2%
5. Switzerland – 49.7%

But in many cities of India, the waste that is generated is just recklessly dumped in most cases, some is dumped on the streets and some is dumped in landfills that are not properly managed and this ends up polluting the air, soil, and underground water.

Deonar dumping ground

But no such “garbage patch” has been found in the Southern Indian Ocean. Every year, up to 15 million tonnes of plastic waste is estimated to make its way into the ocean through coastlines (about 12.5 million tonnes) and rivers (about 2.5 million tonnes).

Urban local bodies have been given a provision to charge bulk generators a user fee to collect and process their waste. Additionally spot fines may be levied on people burning garbage or discarding it in public places. No non-recyclable waste having a calorific value of 1,500 Kcal/kg or more is permitted in landfills.

India is getting buried in its own garbage as a huge quantity of solid waste generated daily is never picked up and poisons land, air and water. Of the total collected waste, only 20% (27,000 MT per day) is processed and the rest is dumped at landfill sites.

In India, 77% of waste is disposed of in open dumps, 18% is composted and just 5% is recycled. A significant 34% of all waste is generated by just 16% percent of the world’s population, largely from high-income countries, but more than one-third of this waste is recovered through recycling and composting.

On a daily basis, the country produces more than 1.50 lakh metric tonne (MT) of solid waste, according to a 2019 India Today report. With almost 15,000 MT of garbage remaining exposed every day, it has become a significant reason for rising pollution levels.

In financial year 2019, with over 400 thousand metric tons of plastic waste, Maharashtra generated the maximum amount of plastic waste in India. On the other hand, the north-eastern states such as Sikkim, Mizoram, and Tripura contributed the least to plastic waste generation.

Top 10 Most Profitable Recycling Business Ideas & Opportunities

• #1. Waste Paper Recycling Business. Paper is usually manufactured from the barks and woods of the tree.
• #2. E-Waste Recycling.
• #4. Garbage Recycling.
• #5. Tyre Recycling.
• #6. Aluminium Cans Recycling.
• #7. Packaging Cartons Recycling.
• #8. Scrap Metal Recycling.
• #9. Plastic Recycling.

Number of landfills India FY 2019, by state. In the financial year 2019, the state of Madhya Pradesh in India had 378 landfills. It was the highest number in any state that year. Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Rajasthan were a few other states with an abundance of landfills.

It is estimated that the Mumbai region alone generates one-third of the total waste generated in Maharashtra and it also tops the list of metros in terms of solid waste generated every day.

15 Easy Ways To Reduce Landfill Waste

1. Donate Clothes. Believe it or not, the throwing away of clothing is one of the biggest contributions we make to landfills today.
2. Reduce Food Waste.
3. Eat Healthy.
4. Save Leftovers for Next Day.
5. Buy Things With Less Packaging.
6. Boycott Plastic Water Bottles.
7. Just Don’t Buy as Much Stuff….
8. Recycle.

Alternatives. In addition to waste reduction and recycling strategies, there are various alternatives to landfills, including waste-to-energy incineration, anaerobic digestion, composting, mechanical biological treatment, pyrolysis and plasma arc gasification.

What are the alternatives to landfill?

• Modern Thermal Treatment with Combined Heat & Power (CHP).
• Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) producing a biologically stabilised material that is sent to landfill.
• Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) producing a fuel sent to a dedicated CHP plant.

And it’s not just the sight of increasing piles of waste that’s the problem. There are many negative issues associated with landfill. The three most important problems with landfill are toxins, leachate and greenhouse gases.

After the end A well-compacted one will settle more slowly. About 90% of settlement takes place within five years after landfill closure, but it can continue at a slower rate for another 25 years. Therefore, groundwater monitoring, leachate collection, and methane control must continue for 30 years.

Landfill contains vast quantities of substances that are harmful to the environment. Plastics such as PVC and other materials leach toxic chemicals as they break down. Even though it’s the most toxic everyday waste stream of all, most of it ends up in landfill. E-waste is loaded with heavy metals, solvents, and acids.

The Landfills contribute to global warming because once waste has been dumped very little air remains below the surface. The landfill gas is generated as a byproduct of the digestion of organic materials by organisms.

Once plastic products are used and discarded; they are sent to landfill, recycled, or incinerated—each of which also produces greenhouse gas emissions. → Sending plastic waste directly to landfill is believed to contribute the least greenhouse gases on an absolute level.