China
China is the leading country in terms of hydroelectricity generation, capacity and number of new developments. China and Canada lead the world in hydropower generation in 2019, totaling 1,302 terawatt hours and 398 terawatt hours, respectively.

Hydro electricity is generated when the force of falling water from dams, rivers or waterfalls is used to turn turbines, which then drives generators that produce electricity. The energy produced is directed to a substation, where transformers “step up” the voltage before its transmission to the electricity grid.

Micro Hydro Cons – Disadvantages Factors to consider are: distance from the power source to the location where energy is required, stream size (including flow rate, output and drop), and a balance of system components — inverter, batteries, controller, transmission line and pipelines.

With more than 70 plants in operation, the Philippines has a total installed hydropower capacity of about 3,701 MW. Of this, around 566 MW are run-of-river and 3,135 MW are dam-type plants, including one 728 MW pumped storage complex.

Top five hydropower producing countries in the world

1. China – 341.1GW. With a total capacity of 341.1GW in 2017, China is the leading producer of hydropower in the world.
2. US – 102GW.
3. Brazil – 100GW.
4. Canada – 81.4GW.
5. Russia – 51.1GW.

China produces the most electricity from hydroelectric power, some 856.4 billion kilowatt hours a year – more than double the amount produced by Brazil, in second place. The top three is completed by Canada, which produces 376.7 billion kilowatt hours a year.

The hydro power principles Power generation from water depends upon a combination of head and flow. Both must be available to produce electricity. Water is diverted from a stream into a pipeline, where it is directed downhill and then through the turbine (flow).

Availability of water, large catchment area and rocky land are primary requirements for site selection of hydroelectric power plant. Explanation: Potential energy of large quantity of stored water is used by hydroelectric power plant to generate electrical energy.

The term mini-hydropower is used in connection width plants with a capacity of over 100 kW, while micro-hydropower units have, by definition, a capacity of less than 100 kW.

Just as reducing downstream water flow can cause a loss of habitat, creating reservoirs to generate electricity in storage and pumped storage hydropower systems often cause upstream flooding that destroys wildlife habitats, scenic areas, and prime farming land.

Hydroelectric

7 gates
The dam opened all of its 7 gates at 24 meters, releasing over 5,037 cubic metres (1,331,000 US gal) of water into the Cagayan River resulting to numerous riverside towns experienced massive flooding.