Monosomy: Missing one chromosome from a pair. For example, if a female has one X chromosome (X monosomy) rather than two, she has Turner syndrome.

Monosomy is the state of having a single copy of a chromosome pair instead of the usual two copies found in diploid cells. Monosomy can be partial if a portion of the second chromosome copy is present. Monosomy, or partial monosomy, is the cause of some human diseases such as Turner syndrome and Cri du Chat syndrome.

Monosomy is the presence of only one member of a chromosome pair in a karyotype. It is generally more detrimental to embryonic and fetal development than is the equivalent trisomy. Monosomy may result from nondisjunction or chromosome lag.

Most aneuploid patients have trisomy (three copies of a chromosome) instead of monosomy (single copy of a chromosome). Down Syndrome is probably the most well-known example of a chromosomal aneuploidy, caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 known as trisomy 21.

In general, a monosomic for a particular chromosome is more severely abnormal than is the corresponding trisomic.

Monosomy (the lack of one member of a chromosome pair) and trisomy (a triplet instead of the normal chromosome pair) are typically the result of nondisjunction during meiosis. When this happens, one gamete shows monosomy, and the other shows trisomy of the same chromosome.

In most cases, embryos with monosomy of the autosomes or sex chromosomes are not viable. Some individuals with monosomy of the sex chromosomes (45XO genotype) can survive, however (Figure 6). Such individuals, who are said to have Turner’s syndrome, exhibit a female phenotype, but the gonads are sterile.

Human conditions due to monosomy: Turner syndrome – People with Turner syndrome typically have one X chromosome instead of the usual two sex chromosomes. Turner syndrome is the only full monosomy that is seen in humans — all other cases of full monosomy are lethal and the individual will not survive development.

(Lewis, 246) Also referred to as ‘Trisomy 18. ‘ Jacobs Syndrome: male with an extra Y chromosome. One male in 1,000 has an extra Y chromosome.

Being male is the biggest risk factor. Most cases of XYY syndrome are not inherited, and the syndrome occurs randomly in pregnancies of women from all ages and ethnic backgrounds.

Usually, late bed-wetting is due to a medical condition, or the result of emotional abuse. But there may be some connection between late bed-wetting and psychopathy. And, as mentioned above, the environment in which a child is raised can be a factor in how violent they become later in life.

H.H. Holmes

The triad links cruelty to animals, obsession with fire-setting, and persistent bedwetting past a certain age, to violent behaviors, particularly homicidal behavior and sexually predatory behavior.

Serial killers often torture or kill small animals from an early age, and men who commit child abuse or domestic violence very frequently harm household pets as well.

One of the stranger characteristics of psychopaths is their choice of pets. Ronson says they are almost never cat people. “Because cats are willful,” he explains. Psychopaths gravitate toward dogs since they are obedient and easy to manipulate.

Psychological gratification is the usual motive for serial killing, and many serial killings involve sexual contact with the victim, but the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) states that the motives of serial killers can include anger, thrill-seeking, financial gain, and attention seeking.

Based on self-reports from 233 adults, psychopathic personality traits were robustly related to enjoying laughing at others, which most strongly related to a manipulative/impulsive lifestyle and callousness.

Rather than talk about spiritual or emotional needs or the needs of others, psychopaths are more likely to talk about their own basic needs, like food and shelter.

If you must deal with a psychopath, try these five strategies:

1. Keep Your Emotions in Check. No matter how frustrated or upset you feel, keep your emotions in check.
2. Don’t Show That You’re Intimidated.
3. Don’t Buy Into Their Stories.
4. Turn the Conversation Back on Them.
5. Opt for Online Communication Whenever You Can.

The amygdala is the area of the brain where people process emotions. In psychopaths, this area is up to 18% smaller. Their pupils also dilated when seeing smiling faces, which the authors suggest could be because psychopaths are sometimes suspicious of people who appear happy.

It’s pretty much impossible to “see” psychopathy in someone’s eyes, or in any other physical characteristics. Yes, people with specific psychopathic traits may show less pupil dilation when encountering frightening images.

They’re known for being reckless, thrill-seeking, and lacking in empathy. Relationships with psychopaths are never smooth sailing. If they are particularly narcissistic, they’re not happy unless they’re the center of attention all the time, meaning they can be obsessive and controlling.