Gastric mucus is a gel-mucous barrier secreted by epithelial cells and glandular cells in the stomach wall. It acts as part of a barrier that protects the stomach wall from the acid and digestive enzymes within the stomach lumen.

• A. Production of pepsin enzyme that digests proteins.
• B. Secretion of mucus for protection of inner lining of stomach.
• C. Secretion of HCl, which kills the bacteria and foreign harmful organisms in the food.
• D. All of the above.

1) Pepsinogen: This is found in pepsin and helps in the digestion of protein. 2) Hydrochloric Acid: This is responsible for killing the germs present in the stomach which helps the enzyme by maintaining the acidic nature. 3) Mucous: This acts as a protective layer in the stomach against HCL.

The gastric glands are located in different regions of the stomach. These are the fundic glands, the cardiac glands, and the pyloric glands. The glands and gastric pits are located in the stomach lining….

Regions of the stomach

• The cardia is the first part of the stomach below the esophagus.
• The fundus is the rounded area that lies to the left of the cardia and below the diaphragm.
• The body is the largest and main part of the stomach.
• The antrum is the lower part of the stomach.

Four different types of cells make up the gastric glands: Mucous cells. Parietal cells. Chief cells.

The stomach is made of these 5 layers:

• Mucosa. This is the first and innermost layer or lining.
• Submucosa. This second layer supports the mucosa.
• Muscularis. The third layer is made of thick muscles.
• Subserosa. This layer contains supporting tissues for the serosa.
• Serosa. This is the last and outermost layer.

The stomach secretes acid and enzymes that digest food. Ridges of muscle tissue called rugae line the stomach. The stomach muscles contract periodically, churning food to enhance digestion. The pyloric sphincter is a muscular valve that opens to allow food to pass from the stomach to the small intestine.

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Gnawing or burning ache or pain (indigestion) in your upper abdomen that may become either worse or better with eating. Nausea. Vomiting. A feeling of fullness in your upper abdomen after eating.

Causes of Gastric trouble The main causes of the Gastric problems include acidity, indigestion, stomach bloating and heartburn. Some of the other causes of the gastric pain are viral or bacterial infections, food poisoning, kidney stones, constipation, tumors, pancreatitis and ulcers etc.

Over-the-counter gas remedies include:

• Pepto-Bismol.
• Activated charcoal.
• Simethicone.
• Lactase enzyme (Lactaid or Dairy Ease)
• Beano.