astronomy

Scholars generally agree that the earliest form of writing appeared almost 5,500 years ago in Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq). Early pictorial signs were gradually substituted by a complex system of characters representing the sounds of Sumerian (the language of Sumer in Southern Mesopotamia) and other languages.

Ashtadhyayi book

4. MANAGEMENT IN THE ANCIENT CIVILIZATION  Management existed even during the ancient civilization. People of the olden days where food gatherers, making their living by hunting, fishing and collecting nuts and berries. Even during the primitive period some aspects of management was prevalent.

Frenchman

Frederick Winslow Taylor

Henry fayol

Peter F. Drucker

Ratan Tata

Modern management, also called modern endpoint management, is the process for managing legacy and modern applications in a unified way by providing enhanced oversight, security, and awareness to IT departments.

Modern device management is the practice of combining cloud-based management and security features to empower users to be secure and productive on any device, anywhere. To achieve Microsoft’s vision of modern management, a device must be managed by Intune.

There are various techniques, which are available for good governance of the hospitals: The Feedback Loop, Time Series analysis, Value Analysis, Break-Even Analysis, Operations Research, Strategic Planning, Forecasting, Statistical Quality Control, Management by Objectives, Quality Circle, Management Problem Solving …

Definition: The Modern Theory is the integration of valuable concepts of the classical models with the social and behavioral sciences. This theory posits that an organization is a system that changes with the change in its environment, both internal and external.

In the modern theory, the hypothesis of abiogenesis was proposed with a condition that the non-living materials can give rise to life in the condition of primitive earth. The condition of the primitive earth is different from the present conditions which donot permit abiogenesis.

According to modern theory, economic rent is a surplus which is not peculiar to land alone. It can be a part of income of labour, capital, entrepreneur. According to modern version rent is a surplus which arises due to difference between actual earning and transfer earning.

Modern theory of wages regards wages as a price of labour. As we know, prices of all commodities are determined by their usual supply and demand in the market. According to this approach also wages are determined by the interaction of market forces of demand and supply of labour.

Economic rent is also termed as surplus as it is received by landlord without any effort. Income alone received by land cannot be rent. It is so because different factors have different uses. As such, each factor will be used for that purpose in which its income is maximum.

Rents are of following types: Gross Rent. 2. Contract Rent.

Rent is the share paid to freeholders for allowing production on the land they control. As soon as the land of any country has all become private property, the landlords, like all other men, love to reap where they never sowed, and demand a rent even for its natural produce.

Different types. Rent controls must grant renters greater security over their tenancy and also regulate the rents that they pay. Both are necessary, as otherwise landlords could force tenants to leave in spite of any security by raising their rents prohibitively.

Rental-centered economies can have benefits over homeownership-centred economies. If there are enough incentives and rules for landlords to look after their property, but not enough leeway to exploit renters for profit, then renting can be a great source of stable and secure housing for most people in the economy.

Vacancy control (“true rent control”): In this scenario, when a tenant moves out, the landlord can only raise the rent to the limit set by a rent control board. The rent can only be raised by a limited amount each year.