femur bone

Bone tissue Periosteum – the dense, tough outer shell that contains blood vessels and nerves. Compact or dense tissue – the hard, smooth layer that protects the tissue within. Spongy or cancellous tissue – the porous, honeycombed material found inside most bones, which allows the bone to be strong yet lightweight.

Tooth Enamel is the hardest and most highly mineralized substance in the human body. It is a tissue and not a bone. This tissue has high mineral content which makes it hardest substance. Femur and Temporal bone of the skull are the hardest bones of the human body.

The smooth tissue at the ends of bones, which is covered with another type of tissue called cartilage. Cartilage is the specialized, gristly connective tissue that is present in adults.

A tendon serves to move the bone or structure. A ligament is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and keep them stable.

A broken bone, also called a fracture (say: FRAK-shur), is when a break goes through part or all of a bone.

Open fracture. Open fractures often involve much more damage to the surrounding muscles, tendons, and ligaments. They have a higher risk for complications—especially infections—and take a longer time to heal.

Cartilage is avascular, meaning that it has no blood supply. The lack of blood circulation in cartilage means that it is a very slow-healing type of tissue. Nutrition to cartilage is maintained by fluid in the joints, which lubricates the tissue.

What Are the Symptoms of a Broken Bone?

• Swelling or bruising over a bone.
• Deformity of an arm or leg.
• Pain in the injured area that gets worse when the area is moved or pressure is applied.
• An inability to bear weight on the affected foot, ankle, or leg.
• Loss of function in the injured area.

Types of Fractures

1. Greenstick – Incomplete fracture.
2. Transverse – The break is in a straight line across the bone.
3. Spiral – The break spirals around the bone; common in a twisting injury.
4. Oblique – Diagonal break across the bone.
5. Compression – The bone is crushed, causing the broken bone to be wider or flatter in appearance.

You may have heard people talk about bone fractures and breaks. The terms are actually interchangeable and both refer to a bone that has been shattered, often by excessive force. Your doctor may be more likely to use the term fracture.

The collarbone, otherwise known as the clavicle, is the most commonly broken bone, thanks in large part to where it’s positioned. Located between the shoulder blade and upper ribcage, it attaches the arm to the rest of the body.

Scaphoid fractures are by far the most common of the carpal fractures, and account for 10 percent of all hand fractures and about 55 percent of all carpal fractures [1,4-8].

Symptoms

1. Severe pain that might worsen when gripping or squeezing or moving your hand or wrist.
2. Swelling.
3. Tenderness.
4. Bruising.
5. Obvious deformity, such as a bent wrist.

You may have difficulty using your hands or wrist along with numbness and tingling in the fingers. There may be pain as you try to move your fingers, especially when trying to grip an object. Bruising is also a very common symptom associated with wrist fractures.

Treatment for a hairline fracture looks different than that of a more severe fracture. You likely won’t need a cast, but the doctor may recommend that you wear a brace to keep your arm immobile. You should also rest your arm and use ice to control the pain.