The outermost layer of the leaf is the epidermis; it is present on both sides of the leaf and is called the upper and lower epidermis, respectively. Botanists call the upper side the adaxial surface (or adaxis) and the lower side the abaxial surface (or abaxis).

Matter has mass and occupies volume. Heat, light, and other forms of electromagnetic energy do not have measurable mass and can’t be contained in a volume. Matter can be converted into energy, and vice versa.

Why do tree leaves have different shapes? The shape of a tree’s leaves are a response to the tree species’ long term ecological and evolutionary histories. When these leaf stomatae are open to allow the uptake of carbon dioxide, water from inside the leaf is lost to the atmosphere.

So, plants and their leaves look green because the “special pair” of chlorophyll molecules uses the red end of the visible light spectrum to power reactions inside each cell. The unused green light is reflected from the leaf and we see that light.

Explanation: Side of the leaf facing towards the sunlight, have more colourphy content and hence more green dark in color, is the ventral side of leaf. while dorsal side, Which facing toward the soil is side(lower leaf surface) of the leaf. i hope this may help you.

The upper surface of leaf is greener than its lower surface because of the presence of mesophyll cells which contains chlorophyll. Due to more amount of chlorophyll on the upper surface more light energy is trapped hence more amount light of green wavelength is reflected.

As the upper surface of the leaf is more exposed to the sun than the underside of the leaf, there will be more chlorophyll on the upper surface of the leaf so as to maximise the amount of sunlight that the chlorophyll receives. This results in a more intense green on the upper surface then on the underside of the leaf.

Stomate, also called stoma, plural stomata or stomas, any of the microscopic openings or pores in the epidermis of leaves and young stems. Stomata are generally more numerous on the underside of leaves.

Shade leaves generally contain a greater mass of chlorophyll and are darker green in colour. In shade leaves, the chloroplasts move within the cells to take up a position where they will absorb the maximum light without shading other chloroplasts below them.

Shade leaves are typically larger in area, but thinner than sun leaves. On a weight basis, shade leaves generally have more chlorophyll. (This is because the chloroplasts have more grana – you can look this up in a more advanced text book if you would like to know the details of chloroplast structure).

Yes, the underside of leaves can photosynthesise. However, the chloroplasts that allow for photosynthesis are held in the ‘middle’ of the leaf between the upper and lower epidermis (a ‘shell’ to help control transpiration aka release of water into the air).

Leaves of sun-grown plants are thicker than those of shade-grown plants. Because the palisade mesophyll cells are more columnar, one or more tiers of columnar palisade cells could facilitate penetration of light into deeper cell layers5,17,18.

The leaves of dicotyledons are thick and non-juicy, as well as darker green, because they have dense chloroplasts that highly absorb sunlight, but have low reflectance. Succulent leaves tend to be lighter, as their cells are quite watery, so the concentration of chlorophyll on the surface is lower.