Implicit memory

A subset of implicit memory, procedural memory, enables us to perform many everyday physical activities, such as walking and riding a bike, without having to give it thought.

Nondeclarative memory

Procedural memory

It is the unconscious memory that helps us understand how stuff works. Once one learns how to ride a bike, they can never forget it because it gets stored within the procedural memory. Procedural memory consists of using objects (including musical instruments), as well as movements of the body (such as typing).

There are three main processes that characterize how memory works. These processes are encoding, storage, and retrieval (or recall). Encoding. Encoding refers to the process through which information is learned.

Memory refers to the processes that are used to acquire, store, retain, and later retrieve information. There are three major processes involved in memory: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Human memory involves the ability to both preserve and recover information we have learned or experienced.

Our memory helps make us who we are. From fondly recollecting childhood events to remembering where we left our keys, memory plays a vital role in every aspect of our lives. It provides us with a sense of self and makes up our continual experience of life.

The 7 Types of Memory and How to Improve Them

• Short-Term Memory. Short-term memory only lasts 20 to 30 seconds.
• Long-Term Memory. Our long-term memories are a bit more complex than our short-term memories.
• Explicit Memory.
• Episodic Memory.
• Semantic Memory.
• Implicit Memory.
• Procedural Memory.

Terms in this set (6)

• Intention. A desire to learn and remember.
• Attention. Observing information, concentrating on details.
• Association. Organize and associate data.
• Retention. Practice.
• Recall. Remember, teach, and share information.
• 5 step memory process. Intention, Attention, Association, Retention, Recall.

There are two main types of memory retrieval: recall and recognition. In recall, the information must be retrieved from memories. In recognition, the presentation of a familiar outside stimulus provides a cue that the information has been seen before.

A false memory is a recollection that seems real in your mind but is fabricated in part or in whole. An example of a false memory is believing you started the washing machine before you left for work, only to come home and find you didn’t. Most false memories aren’t malicious or even intentionally hurtful.

Factors that can influence false memory include misinformation and misattribution of the original source of the information. Existing knowledge and other memories can also interfere with the formation of a new memory, causing the recollection of an event to be mistaken or entirely false.

Evaluating Your Memories. Compare your memory to independent evidence. If you happen to have photographs or a video of whatever you’re trying to remember, that’d be the best way to see if your memory is real. You might also look for trinkets or souvenirs, diary or journal entries, or other evidence of an event.

On the other hand, if depression is associated with deficits in cognitive control (e.g., Hertel, 2004) and increased accessibility and activation of negative material, as suggested by network theories of emotion (e.g., Bower, 1981) and cognitive theories of depression (e.g., Beck, 1967), depressed participants may …

Stress makes people much more likely to create false memories, say American researchers. It also appears to make them more certain that these false memories are correct.

Results like these show us how our memories can change spontaneously over time, as a product of how, when, and why we access them. In fact, sometimes simply the act of rehearsing a memory can be exactly what makes it susceptible to change. This is known as “retrieval-enhanced suggestibility”.

One way in which false memories can be reduced is to en- hance the encoding and subsequent recollection of source- specifying information. For instance, allowing individuals to repeatedly study and recall the related target words re- duces false memory errors in the DRM paradigm.