Live virus vaccines use the weakened (attenuated) form of the virus. The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and the varicella (chickenpox) vaccine are examples.

Modified live vaccines (MLVs) consist of attenuated microorganisms that replicate in vivo, thereby eliciting an immune response similar to that induced by natural infection, but without the associated clinical signs typically seen with natural exposure to the specific pathogen.

Examples of inactivated vaccines include: inactivated poliovirus (IPV) vaccine, whole cell pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine, rabies vaccine and the hepatitis A virus vaccine.

Inactivated vaccines contain whole bacteria or viruses which have been killed or have been altered, so that they cannot replicate. Because inactivated vaccines do not contain any live bacteria or viruses, they cannot cause the diseases against which they protect, even in people with severely weakened immune systems.

The indigenous, inactivated vaccine is developed and manufactured in Bharat Biotech’s BSL-3 (Bio-Safety Level 3) high containment facility. The vaccine is developed using Whole-Virion Inactivated Vero Cell derived platform technology.

Krishna Ella

The risk of severe illness from COVID-19 increases with age. This is why CDC recommends that adults 65 years and older receive COVID-19 vaccines. Getting a COVID-19 vaccine is an important step to help prevent getting sick from COVID-19.

It typically takes 2 weeks after vaccination for the body to build protection (immunity) against the virus that causes COVID-19. You are not fully vaccinated until 2 weeks after the second dose of a 2-dose vaccine or 2 weeks after a single-dose vaccine.

In April, a report in The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) said that in all 33 participants who had received the Moderna vaccine during the Phase I trial, protection remained high for six months after the second shot. That same month, Pfizer reported that its vaccine was still highly effective at six months.

These are four important vaccines to consider if you are age 65 or older:

• Influenza (flu) vaccine.
• Pneumonia vaccine.
• Shingles vaccine.
• Tetanus and pertussis.

“After considering the recommendation of the experts and the current situation of high COVID-19 transmission and limited available vaccines, the FDA is allowing the use of Sinovac on senior citizens.

Live-attenuated vaccines Because these vaccines are so similar to the natural infection that they help prevent, they create a strong and long-lasting immune response. Just 1 or 2 doses of most live vaccines can give you a lifetime of protection against a germ and the disease it causes.

Common reactions to the vaccine include redness, soreness or swelling where the vaccine was given. Mild symptoms may occur in some people after being immunized, especially those receiving the vaccine for the first time. Symptoms can include fever, headache, aching muscles and fatigue that may last 1 to 2 days.

When manufactured correctly, the vaccine is not infectious, but improper inactivation can result in intact and infectious particles.

The Moderna vaccine has been shown to have an efficacy of approximately 94.1 per cent in protecting against COVID-19, starting 14 days after the first dose.

What are the requirements? You’ll need: a Medical Doctor degree (you need to have completed your foundation) ideally with experience in public health or an Epidemiologist degree or a PhD in Immunology or Microbiology or a PhD in Data sciences/Computer sciences/Bioinformatics.

The smallpox vaccine, introduced by Edward Jenner in 1796, was the first successful vaccine to be developed. He observed that milkmaids who previously had caught cowpox did not catch smallpox and showed that inoculated vaccinia protected against inoculated variola virus.

Complete the Immunization Administration Certificate to demonstrate your competency in: Understanding immunization schedules. Proper management and storage of immunization supplies and vaccine doses in your pharmacy. Safe delivery of immunizations directly to patients.

Biochemists focus on the chemistry of living things. Biochemists also contribute to the development of vaccines (for protection) and therapeutics (for treatments).

Biochemists and biophysicists study the chemical and physical principles of living things and of biological processes, such as cell development, growth, heredity, and disease. The aim of a biochemist is to improve our quality of life by understanding living organisms at the molecular level. …