Arbovirus is an informal name for any virus that is transmitted by arthropod vectors. The term arbovirus is a portmanteau word (arthropod-borne virus)….Vaccines are in development for the following arboviral diseases:

• Zika Virus.
• Dengue fever.
• Eastern Equine encephalitis.
• West Nile.
• Chikungunya.
• Rift Valley Fever.

Most arboviruses contain RNA as their genetic material (Weaver and Reisen, 2010). The robust response following virus infection in mosquitoes is the RNA-interference (RNAi) pathway (Blair, 2011, Blair and Olson, 2015, Gammon and Mello, 2015).

The arboviruses spread mainly through insect bites. The most common insect that spreads arboviruses is the mosquito. However, other arthropods such as ticks, fleas, and gnats can also spread these diseases if they bite a human.

Arbovirus is a term used to refer to a group of viruses that are transmitted by arthropod vectors. The word arbovirus is an acronym (ARthropod-BOrne virus). It covers infections spread by mosquitoes, ticks and fleas.

These infections usually occur during warm weather months, when mosquitoes and ticks are active. Examples include California encephalitis, Chikungunya, dengue, Eastern equine encephalitis, Powassan, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile, Yellow Fever, and Zika.

Arboviruses can cause different types of illness, such as:

• encephalitis, meaning inflammation of the brain.
• febrile diseases, which involve a fever sometimes accompanied by rash.
• hemorrhagic fevers, which cause damage to blood vessels, bleeding out of broken blood vessels, and fever.

The Filoviridae consists of 2 genera: Ebolavirus (consisting of 5 species) and Marburgvirus (consisting of 2 species). The specific vectors of these viruses have not been confirmed, but fruit bats are the prime candidates; thus, Filoviridae are not arboviruses.

The dengue viruses are members of the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. Along with the dengue virus, this genus also includes a number of other viruses transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks that are responsible for human diseases.

Zika virus disease is caused by a virus transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes, which bite during the day. Symptoms are generally mild and include fever, rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise or headache. Symptoms typically last for 2–7 days.

According to WHO, the Zika virus is present in more than 87 countries. As of 2020, virus activity continues in the Caribbean, most of Latin America, Central Africa, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia, and Papua New Guinea, among other places.

Pregnant women can generally travel safely with a little preparation. But they should avoid some destinations, including those with Zika and malaria risk.

During a healthy pregnancy, it’s generally safe to fly until 36 weeks. Most airlines in the United States allow pregnant women to fly domestically in their third trimester before the 36th week. Some international flights restrict travel after 28 weeks.

air pressure and/or the decrease in humidity have a harmful effect on you or your baby. There is no evidence that flying will cause miscarriage, early labour or your waters to break.

Flying is fairly safe while pregnant, even for flight attendants, with some minor adjustments. There are, however, some issues to bear in mind if you are pregnant and considering multiple, frequent, or very long flights: Air travel is extremely dehydrating. 3 You’ll need to drink a lot of water while in the air.

Generally, commercial air travel before week 36 of pregnancy is considered safe if you have a healthy pregnancy. Still, if you’re pregnant, check with your health care provider before you fly.

Another health concern is the risk to the fetus when pregnant women are exposed to cosmic radiation during high-altitude flights. While this may pose minimal risk for the occasional traveler, frequent flyers, including pilots and flight attendants, are often exposed to more intense levels of radiation.

The weeks of pregnancy don’t fit neatly into months, so seven months can begin between 25 weeks and 27 weeks pregnant and extend up to week 28 through 31.

Pregnancy normally lasts from 37 weeks to 42 weeks from the first day of your last period.

Generally, women are not allowed to travel by air after 36 weeks for domestic travel, and after 28 to 35 weeks for international travel. The decision on whether to travel and how far to travel at any time during pregnancy should be a joint decision between you and your healthcare provider or midwife.

Expectant mothers may be permitted to fly on IndiGo flights till the end of 36 weeks of pregnancy, provided there are no prior complications. Fit to Fly certificate from the treating obstetrician, dated not more than 7 days before the date of travel, is required only if the pregnancy is between the 33rd and 36th week.

Pregnant women at 36 to 38 weeks of pregnancy may fly with doctors’ notes written 24 hours before departure; after 38 weeks, pregnant women are not allowed to fly.

If you are enjoying a healthy pregnancy, plane travel is likely to be safe. The second trimester is probably the best time to fly. You’re likely to be over morning sickness. Later, your expanding belly could make airport maneuvers more challenging.

It turns out that six months pregnant could start at week 21, 22, or 23 and extend through week 24 to week 27.

You’ll probably start to show in pregnancy at 12 to 16 weeks. You’re more likely to show early if you’re short, carrying multiple babies, or you’ve been pregnant before. By week 20, your doctor will start measuring your fundal length, the distance between the pubic bone and the top of the uterus.