Originally discovered by Sir William Crookes in 1879, plasma is created through a process called ionization, which adds energy to a gas so that some of its electrons leave its atoms.

Bose–Einstein condensate

The five phases of matter. There are four natural states of matter: Solids, liquids, gases and plasma. The fifth state is the man-made Bose-Einstein condensates. In a solid, particles are packed tightly together so they don’t move much.

Liquid is represented by the lava. Many gasses are emitted by the lava during an eruption. Plasma may even be present, in the form of electrical discharges in the sky above the erupting volcano.

No. Mathijs has given a good breakdown of the physical state of magma/lava. To add to his answer, though, magma and lava are rock. There is usually a greater concentration of melt (liquid rock) in magma than in lava.

The sun is much hotter than lava. If lava were exposed to the sun, it would get so hot, it would evaporate from liquid to a gas, then explode from gas to plasma. Lava can reach a temperature of 1,250 degrees Celsius on Earth. The Sun Is much, much hotter than lava.

Of course,plasma emits electromagnetic radiation. Hot plasma is transperant to electromagnetic radiation above plasma frequency. But, considering its emission, one has to take into account impact excitation of atoms, which is not thermal. The discarge is not an equilibrium system.

you can not have solid plasmas. Plasmas are hot and when you cool them they will lose their charge. But plasma physics is never obvious.

Sublimation, deposition, condensation, evaporation, freezing, and melting represent phase changes of matter.

Phase Changes

Substances on Earth can exist in one of four phases, but mostly, they exist in one of three: solid, liquid or gas. Learn the six changes of phase: freezing, melting, condensation, vaporization, sublimation and deposition.

A phase diagram is a graph which shows under what conditions of temperature and pressure distinct phases of matter occur. The simplest phase diagrams are of pure substances. These diagrams plot pressure on the y-axis and temperature on the x-axis.

There are several classes of phase change materials. Paraffin waxes are the most common PCM for electronics thermal management because they have a high heat of fusion per unit weight, have a large melting point selection, provide dependable cycling, are non-corrosive and are chemically inert.

Fusion(melting) (or freezing) curve – the curve on a phase diagram which represents the transition between liquid and solid states. Vaporization (or condensation) curve – the curve on a phase diagram which represents the transition between gaseous and liquid states.

It is located to the right of the blue line. The lines between different phases signify a set of points where the phases are in equilibrium. The sublimation curve (yellow) shows when both solid and vapor can exist. The fusion curve (blue) represents when both solid and liquid are in equilibrium.

In thermodynamics, a critical point (or critical state) is the end point of a phase equilibrium curve. The most prominent example is the liquid–vapor critical point, the end point of the pressure–temperature curve that designates conditions under which a liquid and its vapor can coexist.

A unary phase diagram plots the phase changes of one element as a function of tempera- ture and pressure. A binary diagram plots the phase changes as a function of temperature for a system with varying composition of two com- ponents.