emperor Joseph II

Emperor Constantine

emperors Constantine I

The Edict of Serdica, also called Edict of Toleration by Galerius, was issued in 311 in Serdica (now Sofia, Bulgaria) by Roman Emperor Galerius. The Edict implicitly granted Christianity the status of religio licita, a worship that was recognized and accepted by the Roman Empire.

Christianity was appealing to the people of the Roman Empire because it offered a personal relationship with a god and offered a way to eternal life. …

The edict dealt only with Protestant and Catholic coexistence and made no mention of Jews or Muslims, who were offered temporary asylum in France when the Moriscos were expelled from Spain.

In October 1685, Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes, which had guaranteed limited rights to France’s Protestants, and inspired thousands of Huguenots to ffee the kingdom and find refuge abroad.

In 1685 Louis XIV enacted the Edict of Fontainebleau, which replaced the Edict of St. Germain and made Protestantism illegal.

The Edict of Nantes (1598) freed them from persecution in France, but when that was revoked in the late 1700s, hundreds of thousands of Huguenots fled to other countries, including America. A ruler who suppresses his or her religious designs for his or her kingdom in favor of political expediency.

The Edict of Nantes document, 1598; preserved in the Archives Nationales of France. The edict upheld Protestants in freedom of conscience and permitted them to hold public worship in many parts of the kingdom, though not in Paris.

Nantes, Edict of (1598) French royal decree establishing toleration for Huguenots (Protestants). It granted freedom of worship and legal equality for Huguenots within limits, and ended the Wars of Religion. The Edict was revoked by Louis XIV in 1685, causing many Huguenots to emigrate.

In 1685 the king took the disastrous step of revoking the Protestant (Huguenot) minority’s right to worship by his Edict of Fontainebleau, often called the revocation of the Edict of Nantes.

Revoked Edict of Nantes, no more religious freedom. Louis XIV’s attempt to make France Catholic by destroying Hugenot churches and schools, causing a mass emigration of skilled artisans. 1598 – Granted the Huguenots liberty of conscience and worship.

The Edict of Fontainebleau (22 October 1685) was an edict issued by French King Louis XIV and is also known as the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. The lack of universal adherence to his religion did not sit well with Louis XIV’s vision of perfected autocracy.

Louis XIV’s Failures: Louis XIV’s 1st failure was his unfair tax system. While Louis XIV was creating wealth for France, he was trying to create wealth for himself and the French nobles. He did this by not taxing the nobles and church officials (clergy) and heavily taxing the French peasants.

The major failure of his reign was that he overreached, particularly in foreign affairs. Louis fought too many expensive wars that did not really help France. By doing so, he ended up impoverishing the country to the point where he died ruing how badly he had overspent on his wars.

Louis XVI’s Execution Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were executed for treason. Louis had failed to address France’s financial problems, instigating the French Revolution that eventually descended upon him. He made matters worse by often escaping to more pleasurable activities like hunting and locksmithing.

He brought the French monarchy to its peak of absolute power and made France the dominant power in Europe. His reign is also associated with the greatest age of French culture and art. After the chaos of the Wars of Religion, the French monarchy had been reestablished by Louis XIV’s grandfather, Henry IV.

The people are good-natured fools to suffer so long.” Louis saw and treated his subjects with contempt throughout his life. He saw it as their duty to fund his royal lifestyle, and little evidence exists of any sympathy Louis might have had for their poverty.

How did Louis XIV strengthen royal power? He expanded the bureaucracy and appointed intendants in the provinces. He also build the strongest army in Europe.

Countries where monarchs still maintain absolute power are Brunei, Eswatini, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Vatican City and the individual emirates composing the United Arab Emirates, which itself is a federation of such monarchies – a federal monarchy.

By the 16th century monarchical absolutism prevailed in much of western Europe, and it was widespread in the 17th and 18th centuries. Besides France, whose absolutism was epitomized by Louis XIV, absolutism existed in a variety of other European countries, including Spain, Prussia, and Austria.

Absolutism was primarily motivated by the crises of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In this context, absolute monarchies were regarded as the solution to these violent disorders, and Europeans were more than willing to have local autonomy* or political rights taken away in exchange for peace and safety.

In 1789, food shortages and economic crises led to the outbreak of the French Revolution. King Louis and his queen, Mary-Antoinette, were imprisoned in August 1792, and in September the monarchy was abolished. Marie-Antoinette followed him to the guillotine nine months later.