The Egyptian revolution of 1952 (Arabic: ثورة 23 يوليو 1952‎), also known as the 1952 Coup d’état (Arabic: إنقلاب 23 يوليو 1952‎) or 23 July revolution, began on 23 July 1952, by the Free Officers Movement, a group of army officers led by Mohammed Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser to overthrow King Farouk and the Muhammad …

The monarchy was abolished on 18 June 1953 following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 and the establishment of a republic. The then-king, the infant Fuad II of Egypt (Farouk having abdicated following the revolution), went into exile in Switzerland.

Farouk of Egypt

Fuad II

Throughout World War II Egypt was ruled by King Farouk I, who had ascended the throne in 1936 and would remain in power until 1952. Egypt had severed relations with the Axis powers soon after the outbreak of the war but remained technically neutral until near the war’s end.

The first president of Egypt was Mohamed Naguib, who, along with Gamal Abdel Nasser, led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 that overthrew King Farouk.

Dece

Gamal Abdel Nasser

The politics of Egypt are based on republicanism, with a semi-presidential system of government. In the current system, the President is elected for a six-year term, where they are able to appoint up to 5 percent of the parliament. Furthermore, the President has the power to dissolve Parliament through Article 137.

Long known for its ancient civilisation, Egypt is the largest Arab country and has played a central role in Middle Eastern politics in modern times.

In 2020, Freedom House ranked Egypt as “Not Free” in its annual Freedom in the World report. It gave Egypt a “Political Rights” score of 7/40 and a “Civil Liberties” score of 14/60, with a total score of 21/100.

Egypt, country located in the northeastern corner of Africa. Egypt’s heartland, the Nile River valley and delta, was the home of one of the principal civilizations of the ancient Middle East and, like Mesopotamia farther east, was the site of one of the world’s earliest urban and literate societies.