Protons and electrons stick to each other as much as they can, but kinetic energy and quantum mechanics keep them from holding still. Protons and electrons are attracted to each other because the positive electric charge of the proton is attracted to the negative charge of the electron.

An electron will only react with a proton in the nucleus via electron capture if there are too many protons in the nucleus. But most atoms do not have too many protons, so there is nothing for the electron to interact with. As a result, each electron in a stable atom remains in its spread-out wavefunction shape.

Quantum mechanics states that among all the possible energy levels an electron can sit in the presence of a nucleus, there is one, which has THE MINIMAL energy. This energy level is called the ground state. So, even if atoms are in a very very called environment, QM prohibits electrons from falling to the nucleus.

The protons have a positive charge the electrons have a negative charge and the neutrons are neutral. The electrons are attracted to the nucleus by the electrostatic force of attraction to the protons.

Electrons

A hydrogen atom is about 99.9999999999996% empty space. Put another way, if a hydrogen atom were the size of the earth, the proton at its center would be about 200 meters (600 feet) across.

Here’s The Reason You Can’t Actually Walk Through Walls, According to Science. You’ve probably heard that the atoms that make up your body and all other normal matter in the Universe are mostly empty space. Solid enough the elements in our atoms can’t just pass through the empty spaces of other atoms, and vice versa.

You don’t actually “touch” anything at any level. When we “touch” something, the atoms of our fingertips approach the atoms of the surface we’re “touching”, at which point atomic forces prevent any closer proximity. Remember that the outside covering of atoms is mainly electrons and negatives repel one another.

Outer space is not completely empty—it is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium, as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust, and cosmic rays. Outer space does not begin at a definite altitude above the Earth’s surface.

They are moving at thousands of mile per hour at room temperature and much more when energized. So obviously when they collide at such high speeds, they (their electrons) release energy, in the form of photons. If the outer (valence) shells of the colliding atoms are capable of forming a chemical bond that will occur.

When atoms stop vibrating there is no more heat. It is as cold as it gets. The new technique uses an optical lattice of criss-crossing laser beams. With the precise sequence of modulation of the laser beams, standing waves, pockets of nulls and peaks, are created that trap individual atoms.

However, physicists soon built devices called particle accelerators, or atom smashers. In these devices, you accelerate particles to high speeds — high kinetic energies — and collide them with target atoms. The information tells us about the particles that make up the atom and the forces that hold the atom together.

Particle accelerators use electric fields to speed up and increase the energy of a beam of particles, which are steered and focused by magnetic fields. Electric fields spaced around the accelerator switch from positive to negative at a given frequency, creating radio waves that accelerate particles in bunches.

The Atom Smashers Atom smasher is an older, popular name for a particle accelerator. They use electromagnetic fields to accelerate charged subatomic particles to high energies.

This process is called nuclear fission. The energy released in splitting just one atom is miniscule. However, when the nucleus is split under the right conditions, some stray neutrons are also released and these can then go on to split more atoms, releasing more energy and more neutrons, causing a chain reaction.

Quark. A proton is composed of two up quarks, one down quark, and the gluons that mediate the forces “binding” them together. The color assignment of individual quarks is arbitrary, but all three colors must be present; red, blue and green are used as an analogy to the primary colors that together produce a white color …

liver

Found only in humans, the hyoid bone is the only bone in the body that is not connected to any other, and is the foundation of speech.