At last, on 9 April 1917, Lenin and 31 other exiles embarked on a train at Zurich station. In fact the ‘seal’ was more symbolic and legal than physical: one of Lenin’s conditions had been that the train should have extra-territorial status, so that it could not be boarded by anyone hoping to arrest the travellers.

Lenin was already a formidable socialist leader but he was exiled from Russia by a tsarist court. The Germans hoped that if they could smuggle him back into Russia, he might take control and end his country’s part in the war. They did, and he did, and under his direction the Soviet Union was born.

On April 16, 1917, Lenin returned to the Russian capital of Petrograd after a decade in self-imposed exile. Within a year, he would overthrow the government and take control of the country.

Under the leadership of Russian communist Vladimir Lenin, the Bolshevik Party seized power in the Russian Republic during a coup known as the October Revolution.

Under his administration, Russia, and later the Soviet Union, became a one-party socialist state governed by the Soviet Communist Party. A Marxist, he developed a variant of this communist ideology known as Leninism. He moved to Saint Petersburg in 1893 and became a senior Marxist activist.

The Decrees seemed to conform to the popular Bolshevik slogan “Peace, Land and Bread”, taken up by the masses during the July Days (July 1917), an uprising of workers and military forces.

Lenin (help·info) (22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924) was a Russian lawyer, revolutionary, the leader of the Bolshevik party and of the October Revolution. He was the first leader of the USSR and the government that took over Russia in 1917. Lenin’s ideas became known as Leninism.

The Bolsheviks (Russian: Большевики, from большинство bolshinstvo, ‘majority’), also known in English as the Bolshevists, were a radical, far-left, and revolutionary Marxist faction founded by Vladimir Lenin and Alexander Bogdanov that split from the Menshevik faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour …

Bolsheviks believed in a radical —and elitist— revolution, whereas Mensheviks supported a more progressive change in collaboration with the middle class and the bourgeoisie. The central figures were Julius Martov, at the head of the Mensheviks, who opposed Vladimir Lenin, leader of the bolcheviks.

A Bolshevik was a Russian Communist. They are also called the Bolshevik Communists. The majority of the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party was a Marxist political party.

Mensheviks

MENSHEVIKS- The Mensheviks were a faction in the Russian socialist movement, the other being the Bolsheviks. The factions emerged in 1903 following a dispute in the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party between Julius Martov and Vladimir Lenin.

Bolshevism (from Bolshevik) is a revolutionary Marxist current of political thought and political regime associated with the formation of a rigidly centralized, cohesive and disciplined party of social revolution, focused on overthrowing the existing capitalist state system, seizing power and establishing the ” …

Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks)

The Bolsheviks were a disciplined party. They wanted to make the party an instrument for bringing about revolution. The Mensheviks represented a minority group. Their policies and methods were less radical.

How did the Mensheviks resist the protest of the Bolsheviks? Answer: In industries, committees were formed to question the industrialists about the way they ran the factories. Trade unions were formed and soldiers’ committees were formed in the army.

The Mensheviks split into the “Pro-Party Mensheviks” led by Georgi Plekhanov, who wished to maintain illegal underground work as well as legal work; and the “Liquidators”, whose most prominent advocates were Pavel Axelrod, Fyodor Dan, Nikolai Aleksandrovich Rozhkov and Nikolay Chkheidze, who wished to pursue purely …

He was a brilliant orator and skilled parliamentary leader of the socialist opposition to the government of Tsar Nicholas II. Kerensky was Secretary-General of the Grand Orient of Russia’s Peoples and stood down following his ascent to the government in July 1917. He was succeeded by a Menshevik, Alexander Halpern.

Vladimir Lenin

The party was established in 1902 out of the Northern Union of Socialist Revolutionaries (founded in 1896), bringing together many local socialist revolutionary groups established in the 1890s, notably the Workers’ Party of Political Liberation of Russia created by Catherine Breshkovsky and Grigory Gershuni in 1899.

March 1898, Minsk, Belarus

He instituted basic civil liberties—e.g., the freedoms of speech, press, assembly, and religion; universal suffrage; and equal rights for women—throughout Russia and became one of the most widely known and popular figures among the revolutionary leadership. Aleksandr Kerensky, 1917.

-Kerensky attempted to consolidate his authority and gain support by appealing to the left wing. In early October Kerensky attempted to head off an imminent uprising by ordering raids on Bolshevik buildings, the destruction of their printing presses and the arrest of their leaders.

They differed on key ideological issues regarding Marxism and the implementation of revolution in Russia. The Bolsheviks were ore radical, and the Mensheviks were more willing to work with the capitalist class for reform.

Federal republic