The spread of disease Influenza and smallpox were the main causes of death among the Inca population and it affected not only the working class but also the nobility.

Tribute was a means of ensuring that a conquered territory would stay loyal to their new leadership. The Incas viewed tribute as one of the most important parts of their system. So important was it for them to impose tribute on everyone, that no one was exempt from their requirements.

The main resources available to the Inca Empire were agricultural land and labor, mines (producing precious and prestigious metals such as gold, silver or copper), and fresh water, abundant everywhere except along the desert coast.

“Most of them still living in the towns of San Sebastian and San Jeronimo, Cusco, Peru, at present, are probably the most homogeneous group of Inca lineage,” says Elward. “It is also remarkable that in these contemporary Inca nobility families, there is a continuity since pre-Columbian times,” says Ronald Elward.

There are many theories but few among the most plausible. The most common conclusion from experts on Inca history and archaeologists is that it was built first and foremost as a retreat for the Inca and his family to worship natural resources, deities and specially the Sun, Inti.

The Incas were a civilization in South America formed by ethnic Quechua people also known as Amerindians. In 1400AD they were a small highland tribe, one hundred years later in the early 16th century the Incas rose to conquer and control the largest empire ever seen in the Americas forming the great Inca Empire.

conquistador Francisco Pizarro

The Maya peoples (/ˈmaɪə/) are an ethnolinguistic group of indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica. The ancient Maya civilization was formed by members of this group, and today’s Maya are generally descended from people who lived within that historical civilization.

Still today, Inca ceremonies celebrating Inti and Pachamama are performed annually. Approximately 750 actors portray ancestral Inca in lively homage to the sun god. Also still practiced on a much smaller scale, but sometimes open to visitors, are “payment to the earth” ceremonies.