In 122 AD the Emperor Hadrian ordered the construction of a wall: running for 120 km between the Solway and the Tyne it was designed to establish the bounds of the Roman Empire, but not of Roman power. The wall was designed as a frontier for the empire, and a barrier to raiding Caledonian tribes.

The Flodden Wall, as it became known, was generally around 1.2 metres (3 ft 11 in) thick and up to 7.3 metres (24 ft) high. The Flodden Wall began at the south side of the castle, running south across the west end of the Grassmarket, where the West Port was located, and continued uphill along the Vennel.

Realising that the existing 15th century wall constructed by James II (known as the ‘King’s Wall’) failed to protect the city’s new districts to the south, the authorities organised the construction of what became known as the Flodden Wall between 1514 and 1560.

37 miles long

(1) Everyone has their own pace/endurance when it comes to walking. At a mere 37 miles long, it is entirely possible to complete the entire length of the Wall in a (long) day.

The Great Wall of China

Built under the reign of Roman Emperor Constantius the II in the 3-4th Century AD, the Diyarbakir Fortress is located in Sur, Turkey. The material for the walls came from an older roman city of Amida and they are the widest and longest defensive walls in the world after the Great Wall of China.

Great Wall of China

Learn more about Trump’s wall The Berlin Wall was one of the most famous walls in modern history, dividing a nation for 28 years and playing a significant role in a conflict called the Cold War. Back in the 1950s, Germany was split into two – East Germany and West Germany.

Kumbhalgarh fort

Great Wall

English Language Learners Definition of fortification : the act of building military defenses to protect a place against attack : the act of fortifying something. : a structure (such as a wall or tower) that is built to protect a place.

Kumbhalgarh

around 18 months

• The Chittor Fort or Chittorgarh is one of the largest forts in India.
• In 2013, at the 37th session of the World Heritage Committee held in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, Chittorgarh Fort, along with four other forts of Rajasthan, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as a group called the Hill Forts of Rajasthan.

Made mostly of earth and stone, the wall stretched from the China Sea port of Shanhaiguan over 3,000 miles west into Gansu province. In some strategic areas, sections of the wall overlapped for maximum security (including the Badaling stretch, north of Beijing, that was later restored during the Ming Dynasty).

Two-thirds of the Great Wall of China has been destroyed by sightseers, developers and erosion, Beijing’s state-run media reported yesterday in a warning that the world heritage site is crumbling out of existence.

Sticky rice mortar was invented in ancient China utilizing organic materials in inorganic mortar. Since then, Great Wall sections were widely built with bricks, with lime mortar and sticky rice used to reinforce the bricks strongly enough to resist earthquakes and modern bulldozers while keeping the building intact.