Most cations and anions can combine to form neutral, solid compounds that are usually known as salts. The net charge of an ionic compound must be zero. Therefore, the number of cations and anions in an ionic compound must be balanced to make an electrically neutral molecule.

Terms in this set (34) Zero Net Charge. Ionic compounds have one–there is no charge. An atom has a certain number of protons in its nucleus and an equal number of elections in the space around the nucleus.

Silver iodide is an inorganic compound which is highly photosensitive (reacts when exposed to light). It is an inorganic compound composed of the silver metal (Ag) and the iodine atom (I), attached through a polar covalent bond having a strong ionic character.

Exposure to high levels of silver over a long period of time can result a gray or blue-gray discoloration of the skin and other tissues known as argyria. While this condition is permanent, it is thought to only be a cosmetic problem that is not otherwise harmful to health (ATSDR, 1990; ATSDR, 1999).

Silver cation

The most common chemicals used for cloud seeding include silver iodide, potassium iodide and dry ice (solid carbon dioxide). Liquid propane, which expands into a gas, has also been used. This can produce ice crystals at higher temperatures than silver iodide.

First trialed in the United States around World War II, it is now discreetly used in more than 50 countries, from Mali to India and Puerto Rico. China, however, has the biggest cloud-seeding operation, which it utilizes not only to increase rainfall but also to avoid hailstorms that can devastate farm crops.

Silver iodide or dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) is used to supply naturally deficient clouds with the proper concentration of ice crystals to increase rainfall through the ‘cold rain’ process.

The different types of precipitation are:

• Rain. Most commonly observed, drops larger than drizzle (0.02 inch / 0.5 mm or more) are considered rain.
• Drizzle. Fairly uniform precipitation composed exclusively of fine drops very close together.
• Ice Pellets (Sleet)
• Hail.
• Small Hail (Snow Pellets)
• Snow.
• Snow Grains.
• Ice Crystals.

Precipitation forms in the clouds when water vapor condenses into bigger and bigger droplets of water. When the drops are heavy enough, they fall to the Earth. If a cloud is colder, like it would be at higher altitudes, the water droplets may freeze to form ice. Most rain actually begins as snow high in the clouds.

Some examples of precipitation are rain, hail, sleet, and snow. Condensation is when cool air turns water vapor back into liquid and makes clouds.

As the precipitation reenters the air that is below freezing, the precipitation will re-freeze into ice pellets that bounce off the ground, commonly called sleet. The most likely place for freezing rain and sleet is to the north of warm fronts.

Oceans

Evaporation rates are usually expressed as the water depth lost in millimetres over a period of time, e.g., 2 mm/day, 14 mm/week or 60 mm/month.

Earth contains huge quantities of water in its oceans, lakes, rivers, the atmosphere, and believe it or not, in the rocks of the inner Earth. Water, as a vapor in our atmosphere, could potentially escape into space from Earth. But the water doesn’t escape because certain regions of the atmosphere are extremely cold.

This is expected to occur between 1.5 and 4.5 billion years from now. A high obliquity would probably result in dramatic changes in the climate and may destroy the planet’s habitability.

The world in 2050 is more hostile and less fertile, more crowded and less diverse. Compared with 2019, there are more trees, but fewer forests, more concrete, but less stability. The rich have retreated into air-conditioned sanctums behind ever higher walls.

about 5.5 billion years