Because the coastal area have surrounded by sea and during summer the cold wind is coming from sea so the coastal area is cool in summer.

For example, because the ocean releases heat more slowly than land, coastal areas tend to be more temperate. Warm water is also evaporated from the ocean into the atmosphere, where it can condense and form clouds, which can eventually lead to rain.

Air that is in contact with the ocean will be much cooler from energy transfer between water and air, while air that sits above land will heat up much more quickly. Therefore, coastal climates are much more temperate because a body of water is nearby to regulate the temperature and keep it more constant.

Coastal areas have moderate temperature because the land absorbs and radiates heat much faster than sea. So, during the day cool air from sea rush towards the land and during night cool air from the land rush towards sea.

Because coasts are dynamic, or constantly changing, they are important ecosystems. They provide unique homes for marine plants, animals, and insects. Coasts help us understand natural events, such as weather and changing sea levels.

Compared to land, water takes longer to heat and cool. Thus, oceans heat up and cool down slower than the land around them. Cool sea breeze keeps the coastal areas cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places far away from the sea.

Coastal Climate. The climate of the Coastal Plain is mild, with hot summers and cool winters with few hard freezes. Precipitation is high, particularly along the coast, and seasonal. Average annual high temperature is about 77 degrees, although highs in the upper 90s are not unusual during the height of summer.

Answer. The coastal areas experience the cool,wet air from the sea throughout the year which modifies the weather along the coast to have uniform weather both in the winter and summer. This condition is said to be equable climate.

Climate change threatens coastal areas, which are already stressed by human activity, pollution, invasive species, and storms. Sea level rise could erode and inundate coastal ecosystems and eliminate wetlands. Warmer and more acidic oceans are likely to disrupt coastal and marine ecosystems.

Pollution is also likely to increase with land reclamation, dredging, waste disposal, agriculture and storm water (including floods and high flows), all of which increase with coastal population and development.

In this effort, it is important to strengthen national and regional policies and regulations, as well as increase efforts to ensure compliance and enforcement.

1. Reduce or recycle plastic.
2. Diminish discharge of untreated sewage.
3. Control chemical and industrial pollution.
4. Strengthen laws on marine litter.

Large Marine Ecosystems Coastal waters around the margins of the ocean basins are in a degraded condition. With the exception of Antarctica, they are being degraded from habitat alteration, eutrophication, toxic pollution, aerosol contaminants, emerging diseases, and overfishing.

Over 80% of all marine pollution originates from land-based sources which are primarily industrial, agricultural and urban. Pollution accompanies most kinds of human activities, including offshore oil and gas production and marine oil transportation.

The anthropogenic (human-influenced) changes to coastal environments may take many forms: creation or stabilization of inlets, beach nourishment and sediment bypassing, creation of dunes for property protection, dredging of waterways for shipping and commerce, and introduction of hard structures such as jetties, groins …

Flow of fresh water and entrained materials to the coastal zone has been grossly altered by human activities. Either water loss or alteration of the seasonality of discharge can have major impact on coastal ecosystems. Human activities have also altered the patterns of sediment discharge.

As global sea level rises, the action of waves at higher elevations increases the likelihood for extensive coastal erosion. Already, coastal erosion costs roughly $500 million per year for coastal property loss, including damage to structures and loss of land.

Natural disasters and shoreline erosion are two of the main threats that coastal communities face. Such communities are particularly vulnerable to hurricanes and tsunamis, and as more people move to the coast, the potential of such events causing catastrophic loss of life and property damage also rises.

Coastal erosion may be caused by hydraulic action, abrasion, impact and corrosion by wind and water, and other forces, natural or unnatural. On non-rocky coasts, coastal erosion results in rock formations in areas where the coastline contains rock layers or fracture zones with varying resistance to erosion.

Storms. The main threats associated with these hazards are storm surge, high winds, heavy rain and flooding, as well as tornadoes. Winter storms can produce rough lake conditions, coastal flooding, and beach erosion. Strong winter storms are also responsible for significant land losses around the Great Lakes.

Seawalls and other shore-parallel structures (such as revetments and bulkheads; Figure 3-3) are built to reduce coastal risks to infrastructure where the natural beaches and dunes have been eliminated or significantly restricted and where other risk reduction options are prevented by lack of space or sediment.

Preventive ways to avoid coastal erosion and submersion are planting more mangroves on the sea and trees or putting seaweeds near the coast, destroying the establishments on the coast that is violating the law (three-meter easement zone) and building them in a much safer place and distance, building barriers (seawalls …

These areas are also prone to many natural hazards such as erosion, harmful algal blooms, big storms, flooding, tsunamis, and sea level rise. Local and state governments are on the forefront of the effort to minimize the environmental, social, and economic havoc these hazards can wreak.

Why are the impacts of coastal hazards so great? Because many populated areas are located near the coasts. What adverse effect do groins and jetties both have on coastal erosion? They stop littoral transport of sand and starve downdrift areas of sand.

Drawbacks for living shorelines include:

• Not being appropriate for high energy environments.
• Not being as effective where much of the shoreline is already hardened.
• Being more difficult to design and install than more traditional hard structural approaches.

All oceanic regions of the world can experience tsunamis, but in the Pacific Ocean and its marginal seas, there is a much more frequent occurrence of large, destructive tsunamis because of the many large earthquakes along the margins of the Pacific Ocean.

If the submersion of the island becomes regular, it will be more difficult for plants to grow and flourish, which begins a new cycle of coastal erosion and the negative impacts that come with it, including increased erosion and possibly permanent loss of the island, depending on how much of an island it is.