Exocytosis means releasing something out of the cell and is most likely to occur when secreting enzymes or molecules packed. Endocytosis enables the cell to take in the bacteria or fluid droplets from out side the cell and this is important for defense and nutrition respectively.

Exocytosis serves several important functions as it allows cells to secrete waste substances and molecules, such as hormones and proteins. Exocytosis is also important for chemical signal messaging and cell to cell communication.

Endocytosis is the process of internalization of extracellular material. Endocytosis enables uptake of nutrients and helps to control the composition of the plasma membrane. The process is important for the regulation of major cellular functions such as antigen presentation or intracellular signaling cascades.

What do they all have in common? 3 examples of active transport are sodium potassium pump, endocytosis, exocytosis. They all move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and they all use energy.

Endocytosis is the process of capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the cell. Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell.

Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis are similar as they both are engulfing a material. Phagocytosis is the bulk uptake of solid material where as pinocytosis is the bulk uptake of liquid material and both of them are endocytosis.

Phagocytosis, process by which certain living cells called phagocytes ingest or engulf other cells or particles. The phagocyte may be a free-living one-celled organism, such as an amoeba, or one of the body cells, such as a white blood cell.

There are two types of endocytosis: phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Phagocytosis, also known as cell eating, is the process by which cells internalize large particles or cells, like damaged cells and bacteria.

The main kinds of endocytosis are phagocytosis, pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis, shown below.

Example of Endocytosis Cholesterol is a much needed component in the cell that is present in the plasma membrane and is also used as a hormone precursor. A lipoprotein complex (such as LDL or low density lipoprotein) is then used to transport the cholesterol to other cells in the body.

The flexibility of the cell membrane enables the cell to engulf food and other materials from its external environment. Such process is called endocytosis. Example : Amoeba engulfs its food by endocytosis.

Three Types of Endocytosis Active transport moves ions from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration. Endocytosis is a form of active transport that is used to bring large molecules into the cell. There are three kinds, which we will explore below.

Endocytosis methods require the direct use of ATP to fuel the transport of large particles such as macromolecules; parts of cells or whole cells can be engulfed by other cells in a process called phagocytosis.

Endocytosis is a type of active transport that moves particles, such as large molecules, parts of cells, and even whole cells, into a cell.

The sodium-potassium pump carries out a form of active transport—that is, its pumping of ions against their gradients requires the addition of energy from an outside source. That source is adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the principal energy-carrying molecule of the cell.

The sodium potassium pump (NaK pump) is vital to numerous bodily processes, such as nerve cell signaling, heart contractions, and kidney functions. The NaK pump uses ATP to help move three Na ions out of the cell for every two K ions moved into the cell. ATP is the energy currency of cells.

The sodium pump is by itself electrogenic, three Na+ out for every two K+ that it imports. So if you block all sodium pump activity in a cell, you would see an immediate change in the membrane potential because you remove a hyperpolarizing current, in other words, the membrane potential becomes less negative.

It acts to transport sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane in a ratio of 3 sodium ions out for every 2 potassium ions brought in. In the process, the pump helps to stabilize membrane potential, and thus is essential in creating the conditions necessary for the firing of action potentials.

Sodium-Potassium Pump The pump undergoes a conformational change, translocating sodium across the membrane. The conformational change exposes two potassium binding sites on the extracellular surface of the pump. The phosphate group is released which causes the pump to return to its original conformation.

[3][4] The Na+K+-ATPase pump helps to maintain osmotic equilibrium and membrane potential in cells. The sodium and potassium move against the concentration gradients. The Na+ K+-ATPase pump maintains the gradient of a higher concentration of sodium extracellularly and a higher level of potassium intracellularly.

Nerve Signals. The cell expends lots of energy in pumping sodium ions to the outside of the cell and pumping potassium ions to the inside of the cell. The sodium-potassium pump works to restore the proper concentrations of the ions inside and outside the cell.

The sodium-potassium pump maintains the resting potential of a neuron. This pump keeps the concentration of sodium outside the cell greater than the concentration inside the cell while keeping the concentration of potassium inside the cell greater than the concentration of potassium outside the cell.

Resting Potential The sodium-potassium pump is a mechanism of active transport that moves sodium ions out of cells and potassium ions into cells. Tightly controlling membrane resting potential is critical for the transmission of nerve impulses.

The sodium-potassium pump in nerve cells pumps Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell. -This active transport process works against the concentration gradients of both ions.

The sodium-potassium pump system moves sodium and potassium ions against large concentration gradients. It moves two potassium ions into the cell where potassium levels are high, and pumps three sodium ions out of the cell and into the extracellular fluid. It helps maintain cell potential and regulates cellular volume.

The sodium potassium pump binds a molecule of ATP. A phosphate group is transferred from an ATP (phosphorylation). This changes the shape of the channel making ADP. The change in shape of the channel allows the three sodium ions through the channel to the outside of the membrane.

The phosphorylated form of the pump has a low affinity for Na⁺ ions, so they are released; by contrast it has high affinity for the K⁺ ions. The pump binds 2 extracellular K⁺ ions. This causes the dephosphorylation of the pump, reverting it to its previous conformational state, thus releasing the K⁺ ions into the cell.

If this pump stops working (as occurs under anoxic conditions when ATP is lost), or if the activity of the pump is inhibited (as occurs with cardiac glycosides such as digoxin), Na+ accumulates within the cell and intracellular K+ falls.

there are more potassium ions inside the neuron than outside. Sodium-potassium pumps actively transport sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. The result is that the neuron has more potassium ions and fewer sodium ions inside the cell.

Medicine for the Heart A traditional cure for heart failure works by blocking the sodium-potassium pump. As the level of sodium ions builds up inside the cell, this slows the sodium-calcium exchanger, leading to a build up of calcium, which ultimately increases the force of contraction of the heart muscle.