Hydrogen is a nonmetal and is placed above group in the periodic table because it has ns1 electron configuration like the alkali metals. Because hydrogen is a nonmetal and forms H- (hydride anions), it is sometimes placed above the halogens in the periodic table. Hydrogen also forms H2 dihydrogen like halogens.

S-block comprises 14 elements namely hydrogen (H), lithium (Li), helium (He), sodium (Na), beryllium (Be), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), rubidium (Rb), calcium (Ca), cesium (Cs), strontium (Sr), francium (Fr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra).

Hydrogen is the first element of the periodic table as its atomic number is one, which means it has only one electron in its atom and thus only one electron is present in its outermost shell. The placement of elements in the periodic table is based on their electronic configuration.

Group 1A

Hydrogen as a halogen? Hydrogen, like the halogens, has one electron short of a complete outer shell and can form H- ions like Cl- and therefore forms ionic compounds with reactive metals – NaH similar in structure to NaCl. Hydrogen also exists as a diatomic gas like fluorine and chlorine.

The name derives from the English “potash” or “pot ashes” because it is found in caustic potash (KOH). The symbol K derives from the Latin kalium via the Arabic qali for alkali. It was first isolated by the British chemist Humphry Davy in 1807 from electrolysis of potash (KOH).

It is an alkali metal cation, an elemental potassium, a monovalent inorganic cation and a monoatomic monocation. Potassium is the major cation (positive ion) inside animal cells, while sodium is the major cation outside animal cells….4.3Related Element.

The element is quite abundant and makes up about 1.5 % by weight of the earth’s crust. Potassium is found extensively as potash (KOH). It is mined in Germany, USA, and elsewhere. Minerals such as sylvite (KCl), carnallite, and langbeinite, are found in ancient lake and sea beds.

Fun Potassium Facts

• Potassium is a shiny, lustrous metal at room temperature.
• Potassium vigorously reacts with water to form hydrogen gas.
• Potassium was the first metal to be discovered by electrolysis.
• Potassium has a low density for a metal.
• Potassium burns with a bright red in a flame test.

Food Sources of Potassium

• Bananas, oranges, cantaloupe, honeydew, apricots, grapefruit (some dried fruits, such as prunes, raisins, and dates, are also high in potassium)
• Cooked spinach.
• Cooked broccoli.
• Potatoes.
• Sweet potatoes.
• Mushrooms.
• Peas.
• Cucumbers.

What happens if I don’t get enough potassium? Getting too little potassium can increase blood pressure, deplete calcium in bones, and increase the risk of kidney stones. In this condition, called hypokalemia, blood levels of potassium are very low.

63.5 °C

Potassium – the only element named after a cooking utensil. It was named in 1807 by Humphry Davy after the compound from which he isolated the metal, potash, or potassium hydroxide.

Explanation: The NaK pump is a specialised transport protein found in the cell membranes. It is responsible for movement of potassium ions into the cell while simultaneously moving sodium ions outside the cell. Thus cell functioning would be drastically affected if due to some reason the NaK pump is destroyed.

A sodium ion channel is a ligand-gated ion channel. 3) Repolarization and the Na+/K+ ATP pump: As potassium ions exit the cell, this is going to make the inside of the cell less positive and more negative. This causes a repolarization.

The sodium-potassium pump carries out a form of active transport—that is, its pumping of ions against their gradients requires the addition of energy from an outside source. That source is adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the principal energy-carrying molecule of the cell.

The sodium-potassium pump is an antiporter transport protein. The sodium-potassium pump is a very important protein in our cell membranes. The pump can be used to generate ATP when supplies are low by working in the opposite way.

The sodium-potassium pump has the job of keeping the axon ready for the next signal. The gradient is also helps control the osmotic pressure inside cells, and powers a variety of other pumps that link the flow of sodium ions with the transport of other molecules, such as calcium ions or glucose.

The sodium potassium pump (NaK pump) is vital to numerous bodily processes, such as nerve cell signaling, heart contractions, and kidney functions. The NaK pump is a specialized type of transport protein found in your cell membranes. NaK pumps function to create a gradient between Na and K ions.

The Na+/K+-ATPase pumps 3 sodium ions out of cells while pumping 2 potassium ions into cells. This enzyme’s electrogenic nature means that it has a chronic role in stabilizing the resting membrane potential of the cell, in regulating the cell volume and in the signal transduction of the cell.

Failure of the Na⁺-K⁺ pumps can result in swelling of the cell. A cell’s osmolarity is the sum of the concentrations of the various ion species and many proteins and other organic compounds inside the cell. When this is higher than the osmolarity outside of the cell, water flows into the cell through osmosis.

If this pump stops working (as occurs under anoxic conditions when ATP is lost), or if the activity of the pump is inhibited (as occurs with cardiac glycosides such as digoxin), Na+ accumulates within the cell and intracellular K+ falls.

The activity of the Na+/K+-pump also influences the membrane potential directly by generating an outward sodium current that is larger when the Na+/K+-pump activity is greater. The inhibition of the Na+/K+-pump can lead indirectly to the development of inward currents that may cause repetitive activity.

What is the major role of the Na+-K+ pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential? K+ ions can diffuse across the membrane more easily than Na+ ions. Imagine you changed the concentration of K+ outside a neuron such that the resting membrane potential changed to -80 mV (from the normal resting value of -70 mV).

The Na+-K+ pump actively transports both sodium and potassium ions across the membrane to compensate for their constant leakage.

It helps maintain the resting membrane potential by exchanging three intracellular potassium ions for two extracellular sodium ions. The chemical gradient moves potassium out of the cell, while the electrical gradient keeps potassium in the cell.

Terms in this set (57) Na+-K+ ATPase pump – This pump pushes only 2K+ into the cell for every 3Na+ it pumps OUT of the cell. Therefore, its activity results in a net loss of positive charges within the cell. Na+ channels are closed when the plasma membrane is at rest. Na+, K+ ions, and also other ions such as Cl-.