Irrigation facility increases the crop production and intensity of crop in higher rate. Farmers use improved variety of crops. Employment is higher in irrigated area where there is higher production, higher income, higher expenditure and higher saving (Dhakal, 1990).

Irrigated agriculture contributes about 50% of the total value of agricultural production and accounts for about 70% of agriculture exports. Mexico’s government initiated a number of structural reforms in the water sector aimed to introduce modern water management and irrigation.

The Chinampa is an ancient agricultural system with many advantages over conventional, commercial monocrop systems. The Chinampa is a sustainable sub-irrigation agricultural system that played a vital role in the Valley of Mexico’s agriculture over many centuries.

Origin and Environmental Setting of Ancient Agriculture in the Lowlands of Mesoamerica. Science 292: 1370-1373. Agriculture evidently arose in several societies after the beginning of the Holocene, about 10,000 years ago, even though many earlier Pleistocene societies were quite sophisticated.

Commercial agricultural products mostly come from three areas of the country, the tropics of the Gulf of Mexico and Chiapas Highlands, the irrigated lands of the north and northwest and the Bajío region in central Mexico.

In Mexico, food self-sufficiency is declining. Rural policies in the country have stimulated the production of cash crops to the detriment of the traditional intercropping system, the milpa. Such a decline may have negative consequences for the food security of subsistence farmers.

Food Insecurity in Mexico Food insecurity impacts many nations, but is particularly prevalent in Mexico where more than 10% of the population lacks access to adequate food — in nine of the poorest Mexican states, that number jumps to between 25 and 35%.

Irrigation helps to grow agricultural crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of less than average rainfall. Irrigation also has other uses in crop production, including frost protection, suppressing weed growth in grain fields and preventing soil consolidation.

There are many positive impacts of irrigation on the environment. Among the negative impacts which appear in the mentioned spheres prevalent impacts is the danger of waterlogging and salinization of soils and waters, rise in groundwater table, spread of water born diseases, pollution of waters and many others.

Automatic systems provide precise coverage, eliminating concerns of over or underwatering your lawn. Timers can be set for daily or weekly watering, and at times of low evaporation. Additionally, “smart” moisture sensors can be installed for many systems.

An automatic irrigation system does the operation of a system without requiring manual involvement of persons. Every irrigation system such as drip, sprinkler and surface gets automated with the help of electronic appliances and detectors such as computer, timers, sensors and other mechanical devices.

Automatic Sprinkler Systems: How Do They Work? An electrical controller is attached to a set of valves buried in a box in the ground. The primary water source is directed towards the box and separated into various zones. Each of these zones can be controlled by a valve set to release each one separately.

But, there is a solution – an automatic plant irrigation system not only helps farmers but also others for watering their gardens as well. This automatic irrigation system senses the moisture content of the soil and automatically switches the pump when the power is on.

Smart irrigation systems are a combination of an advanced technology of sprinklers with nozzles that improve coverage and irrigation controllers that are watering and water conservation systems that monitor moisture-related conditions on your property and automatically adjust watering to optimal levels.

You will need a bottle with a screw top (I’m using a wine bottle with a screw top), a hammer and a nail…that’s it! Simply use your nail to make four or five holes in the top of your lid. Then fill your bottle up with water. Next, you are going to want to place the bottle face down in your plant.

Learn to water from the bottom. Bottom watering is a very effective method for many plants whose leaves don’t like to get wet. Use a long-necked watering can. This will allow you to apply water precisely at the soil level, without wetting the leaves.

All you need is a two-liter plastic bottle, a lighter, a pin, a small stake or skewer, and some tape. Remove the plastic cap from the bottle, heat up the pin in the flame of the lighter, and then poke four holes in the cap. Fill the bottle with water, place the cap back on, and then hold it upside down.

Then before you can pop open a cold one and admire your handiwork, your garden will be thanking you for its own liquid refreshment.

1. Drip Irrigation Overview.
2. Connect to an Outdoor Faucet.
3. Lay out the Tubing.
4. Install Ground Stakes.
5. Lay Tubing Around Shrubs and Trees.
6. Position Sprayers for Ground Cover.
7. Close off the Tubing End.

HOW TO MAKE A SOAKER HOSE – READY, SET, GO!

1. STEP 1: CREATE YOUR HOLES. Lay out your hose and drill/hammer holes through both sides of the hose approximately every 2.5-3 inches apart starting about 18” from the female end of the hose.
2. STEP 2: DON’T LOSE PRESSURE.
3. STEP 3: DETERMINE HOSE MANAGEMENT.

Don’t bury the hose in the soil. Allow the hose to run until the soil is damp to a depth of 6 to 12 inches (15 to 30.5 cm.), depending on the needs of the plant. Measuring soaker hose output is easy with a trowel, a wooden dowel, or a yardstick. After you water a few times, you’ll know how long to run the hose.

Unlike a traditional hose, soaker hoses are porous, so water can gently seep out along the entire length of the hose. Their efficiency is undeniable, as they deliver moisture straight to a plant’s base, without wasting a drop of water in the process.

Start running your soaker hose about 30 minutes twice a week. After a watering day, check your soil to see if the moisture has penetrated several inches, then adjust accordingly. When you find the magic number for your conditions, use a timer to water the same number of minutes every time.

Soaker hoses work best on level ground since they don’t allow for pressure adjustment at different points along their length. The radius of coverage is not quite as broad with soaker hoses as it is with drip systems. Soaker hoses are less precise than drip systems and can’t be installed underground.

You can use your soaker hoses in your lawn, in landscaped areas, and your flowerbeds. However, anyone stopping by your house will see these hoses serpentine their way throughout your property. Here are the pros and cons of using soaker hoses: 1.