Why is it important that an experiment include a control group? Without a control group, there is no basis for knowing if a particular result is due to the variable being tested or to some other factor. If it is unknown which group subjects are in, it is less likely that results can be tampered with.

This isolates the independent variable’s effects on the experiment and can help rule out alternative explanations of the experimental results. Control groups can also be separated into two other types: positive or negative.

A control group is a group separated from the rest of the experiment where the independent variable being tested is not exposed.

A scientific control is an experiment or observation designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the independent variable. This increases the reliability of the results, often through a comparison between control measurements and the other measurements.

A control group is used in an experiment to establish its validity. It is the group to which no treatment is administered.

The control group is composed of participants who do not receive the experimental treatment. When conducting an experiment, these people are randomly assigned to be in this group. They also closely resemble the participants who are in the experimental group or the individuals who receive the treatment.

Experimental controls are used in scientific experiments to prevent factors other than those being studied from affecting the outcome. For example, suppose a researcher feeds an experimental artificial sweetener to thirty laboratory rats and observes that eight of them subsequently die of dehydration.

A positive control group is a control group that is not exposed to the experimental treatment but that is exposed to some other treatment that is known to produce the expected effect. For example, imagine that you wanted to know if some lettuce carried bacteria.

A negative control is a control group in an experiment that uses a treatment that isn’t expected to produce results. A positive control is a control group in an experiment that uses a treatment that is known to produce results.

Enter the Positive Control–a positive control is an additional study or condition that is run in which the correct result is very well known. If we see the expected result for the positive control, it provides us with some assurance that the experiment was conducted properly, without very serious error.

Examples of preventive controls include:

• Separation of duties.
• Pre-approval of actions and transactions (such as a Travel Authorization)
• Access controls (such as passwords and Gatorlink authentication)
• Physical control over assets (i.e. locks on doors or a safe for cash/checks)

Control is defined as to command, restrain, or manage. An example of control is telling your dog to sit. An example of control is keeping your dog on a leash. An example of control is managing all the coordination of a party.

There are three main types of internal controls: detective, preventative, and corrective. Controls are typically policies and procedures or technical safeguards that are implemented to prevent problems and protect the assets of an organization.

Yes, generally speaking there are two types: preventive and detective controls. Both types of controls are essential to an effective internal control system. From a quality standpoint, preventive controls are essential because they are proactive and emphasize quality.

Directive

Control Techniques – 10 Types of Techniques of Controlling

• Direct Supervision and Observation.
• Financial Statements.
• Budgetary Control.
• Break Even Analysis.
• Return on Investment (ROI)
• Management by Objectives (MBO)
• Management Audit.
• Management Information System (MIS)

The four types of strategic control are premise control, implementation control, special alert control and strategic surveillance. Each one provides a different perspective and method of analysis to maximize the effectiveness of your business strategy.

These types of control systems are discussed in detail below.

• Linear Control Systems.
• Non-linear Control Systems.
• Analog or Continuous System.
• Digital or Discrete System.
• Single Input Single Output Systems.
• Multiple Input Multiple Output Systems.
• Lumped Parameter System.
• Distributed Parameter System.

Effective control systems have certain characteristics….For a control system to be effective, it must be:

• Accurate.
• Timely.
• Objective and Comprehensible.
• Focused on Strategic Control Points.
• Economically Realistic.
• Organizational Realistic.

Controlling can be defined as that function of management which helps to seek planned results from the subordinates, managers and at all levels of an organization. The controlling function helps in measuring the progress towards the organizational goals & brings any deviations, & indicates corrective action.

Controlling is the managerial functions of planning, staffing, organizing, implementing and directing. It helps to check the errors and take the corrective action, so it is known as an important function of management. It is necessary to ensure that the desired results are achieved.

Characteristics of Control:

• Managerial Function:
• Forward Looking:
• Continuous Activity:
• Control is Related to Planning:
• Essence of Control is Action:
• Basis for Future Action:
• Facilitates Decision-making:
• Facilitates Decentralization:

Advantages of Controlling in the Organisation – Need Importance

• Control improves Goodwill.
• Control minimises Wastage.
• Control ensures optimum utilisation of resources.
• Control helps to fix responsibility.
• Control guides operations.
• Control motivates employees.
• Control minimises deviations.
• Control facilitates Delegation.