They utilize a process known as the scientific method to study different aspects of how people think and behave….The Steps of the Scientific Method

1. Make an Observation.
2. Ask a Question.
3. Test Your Hypothesis and Collect Data.
4. Examine the Results and Draw Conclusions.
5. Report the Results.

The scientific method is a standardized way of making observations, gathering data, forming theories, testing predictions, and interpreting results. Does this mean all scientists follow this exact process? No. Some areas of science can be more easily tested than others.

The Six Steps

• Purpose/Question. Ask a question.
• Research. Conduct background research.
• Hypothesis. Propose a hypothesis.
• Experiment. Design and perform an experiment to test your hypothesis.
• Data/Analysis. Record observations and analyze the meaning of the data.
• Conclusion.

to form a conclusion

to make objective observations

It provides an objective, standardized approach to conducting experiments and, in doing so, improves their results. By using a standardized approach in their investigations, scientists can feel confident that they will stick to the facts and limit the influence of personal, preconceived notions.

When conducting research, scientists use the scientific method to collect measurable, empirical evidence in an experiment related to a hypothesis (often in the form of an if/then statement), the results aiming to support or contradict a theory.

Advantages

• It is based on empirical evidence.
• It is proof and verification.
• Found by reasoning and observation.
• Reliable at finding the truth.
• Scientists are impartial.
• Cautious – with theories that are backed up.

Human error – e.g. mistakes can occur in recording observations or inaccurate use of measuring instrument. Deliberately falsifying results – i.e. scientific fraud. Bias – prior confidence in the hypothesis being true/false can affect accuracy of observation and interpretation of results.