Valid: an argument is valid if and only if it is necessary that if all of the premises are true, then the conclusion is true; if all the premises are true, then the conclusion must be true; it is impossible that all the premises are true and the conclusion is false. Invalid: an argument that is not valid.

In logic, an argument requires a set of (at least) two declarative sentences (or “propositions”) known as the “premises” (or “premisses”), along with another declarative sentence (or “proposition”), known as the conclusion. This structure of two premises and one conclusion forms the basic argumentative structure.

In academic writing, an argument is usually a main idea, often called a “claim” or “thesis statement,” backed up with evidence that supports the idea. In other words, gone are the happy days of being given a “topic” about which you can write anything.

9 Ways to Construct a Compelling Argument

1. Keep it simple. Keep your argument concise.
2. Be fair on your opponent.
3. Avoid other common fallacies.
4. Make your assumptions clear.
5. Rest your argument on solid foundations.
6. Use evidence your readers will believe.
7. Avoid platitudes and generalisations, and be specific.
8. Understand the opposing point of view.

Let’s look at each of these principles in more detail.

• Structure. A good argument must meet the fundamental structural requirements of a well-formed argument.
• Relevance.
• Acceptability.
• Sufficiency.
• Rebuttal.

A compelling story is specific and vivid. We want to visualise the events as they happen and feel the emotional ups and downs. We want to be absorbed! Detail comes from recounting moments rather than describing broad, sweeping narratives.

Compelling means attractive, or irresistible, or really, really convincing. You know your argument for backpacking across Europe is compelling when your parents not only let you go but also pay for all your expenses. A compelling argument compels you to agree with its logic –– it’s irresistible.