Experiment 1 showed, however, that evaluative conditioning changed implicit attitudes toward Coke and Pepsi. This occurred only for participants who initially had no strong preference for either brand. Contingency awareness was not necessary to change implicit brand attitudes.

Attitudes are thought to develop via classical conditioning through repeated pairings of potential attitude objects (conditioned stimuli, CSs) with positively and negatively valenced stimuli (uncon- ditioned stimuli, USs), and intuitively, one would expect this to be a ubiquitous means of attitude formation.

Attitude Formation Definition Attitude formation occurs through either direct experience or the persuasion of others or the media. Attitudes have three foundations: affect or emotion, behavior, and cognitions.

Factors influencing attitude are beliefs, feelings, and action tendencies of an individual or group of individuals towards objects, ideas, and people.

• Social Factors.
• Direct Instruction.
• Family.
• Prejudices.
• Personal Experience.
• Media.
• Educational and Religious Institutions.
• Physical Factors.

Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge) (Rosenberg & Hovland, 1960).

Here we have briefly reviewed such personality characteristics:

• Heredity: ADVERTISEMENTS:
• Family background: The socio-economic status of the family, education of the parents, and other family members shape the personality of an individual to a considerable extent.
• Nature of people with whom we interact:
• Culture:

Many factors go into influencing personality, including genetics, environment, parenting, and societal variables. Perhaps most importantly, it is the ongoing interaction of all of these influences that continue to shape personality over time.

Exposome

• a general external environment including the urban environment, education, climate factors, social capital, stress,
• a specific external environment with specific contaminants, radiation, infections, lifestyle factors (e.g. tobacco, alcohol), diet, physical activity, etc.

Climatic factors including air temperature, sunlight radiation, air humidity, dif- ferent forms of precipitation (rain, snow, etc.), and wind velocity and direction are undoubtedly significant.

Legal Factors in Your PESTEL Analysis (Part 7 of 7)

• Zoning laws.
• Health and safety laws.
• Civil rights laws (discrimination)
• Employment laws.
• Intellectual property laws.

We consider five types of physical environmental stressors faced by military personnel: temperature (heat or cold), noise, altitude, chemicals, and workplace environments in which injuries or death may occur.

The abiotic components of an ecosystem are the physical and chemical factors necessary for life—energy (sunlight or chemical energy), water, temperature, oxygen, and nutrients. In most ecosystems, the environmental conditions vary throughout the day or over the course of seasons.

These three categories are diet, activity, and mental health. Each of these three aspects of an individual plays a tremendous role in determining how healthy a person will be and will have countless positive effects for that person.

Terms in this set (6)

• What are the 5 environmental factors needed to maintain life? Water.
• Water. Metabolic processes, transports substances, regs body temp.
• Oxygen. Release energy from food substances.
• Heat. Regulates the rates of metabolic reactions.
• Pressure.
• Food.

Temperature, oxygen, pH, water activity, pressure, radiation, lack of nutrients…these are the primary ones. We will cover more about metabolism (i.e. what type of food can they eat?) later, so let us focus now on the physical characteristics of the environment and the adaptations of microbes.

Humans impact the physical environment in many ways: overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation. Changes like these have triggered climate change, soil erosion, poor air quality, and undrinkable water.

Social and economic factors, such as income, education, employment, community safety, and social supports can significantly affect how well and how long we live. These factors affect our ability to make healthy choices, afford medical care and housing, manage stress, and more.

The environment can facilitate or discourage interactions among people (and the subsequent benefits of social support). For example, an inviting space with comfortable chairs and privacy can encourage a family to stay and visit with a patient. The environment can influence peoples’ behavior and motivation to act.

Prior research has shown that the use of social media may detract from face-to-face relationships, reduce investment in meaningful activities, increase sedentary behavior by encouraging more screen time, lead to internet addiction, and erode self-esteem through unfavorable social comparison.

What factors can affect behaviour?

• physical factors – age, health, illness, pain, influence of a substance or medication.
• personal and emotional factors – personality, beliefs, expectations, emotions, mental health.
• life experiences – family, culture, friends, life events.
• what the person needs and wants.

How is our behavior affected by the presence of others or by being part of a group? Social facilitation experiments reveal that the presence of either observers or co-actors can arouse individuals, boosting their performance on easy tasks but hindering it on difficult ones.

Attitude is a feeling, belief, or opinion of approval or disapproval towards something. Behavior is an action or reaction that occurs in response to an event or internal stimuli (i.e., thought).

Individual behavior and decision making can be influenced by the presence of others. However, the influence of groups on the individual can also generate negative behaviors. While there are many ways a group can influence behavior, we will focus on three key phenomena: groupthink, groupshift, and deindividuation.

Proximity

What is a major problem with the original Milgram study? Milgram lied to his respondents, making his study borderline unethical. What is the major flaw in the Asch conformity study? Asch ignored the importance of several factors influencing conformity- race, class, and gender.

Examples of social traps include overfishing, energy “brownout” and “blackout” power outages during periods of extreme temperatures, the overgrazing of cattle on the Sahelian Desert, and the destruction of the rainforest by logging interests and agriculture.