they also kept records of taxes people had to pay. Complex Institutions – build government or religious buildings. Pharaohs were in charge of the government and making or rules and laws. At one point in time the pharaohs’ power declined.

Complex institutions play an enormous role in shaping and spreading a civilization. Some samples of complicated institutions are Trade, job specialization, socio-economic class, gender standing, military conquest etc.

Complex institutions play a huge role in shaping and spreading a civilization. Some examples of complex institutions are Trade, job specialization, social class, gender status, military conquest etc. One of the most important complex institution that is still in use today are Laws.

For instance, Sumerian workers built houses, sewed clothes, created pottery, and cooperated on building public projects such as ziggurats and irrigation canals.

In some ancient civilizations, cultural norms dictated behavior without being enforced by a ruler or governing body. Complex institutions arose as a means to control and regulate these cultural behaviors in a way deemed appropriate to the individual civilization.

Mesopotamian empires also independently developed complex institutions such as a legal system, an education system, and a government. The legal code of Hammurabi, who rose to power as the king of Babylon in 1750 BCE, was fundamental in shaping the government of Babylon.

These include: (1) large population centers; (2) monumental architecture and unique art styles; (3) shared communication strategies; (4) systems for administering territories; (5) a complex division of labor; and (6) the division of people into social and economic classes.