Command, control, and communications (C3) systems are fundamental to all military operations, delivering the critical information necessary to plan, coordinate, and control forces and operations across the full range of Department of Defense (DoD) missions.

The fundamentals of joint warfare are: unity of effort, concentration, initiative, agility, extension, freedom of action, sustainment, clarity, knowledge of self, and knowledge of the enemy.

JP 3-0 is the keystone document of the joint operations series. It provides the doctrinal foundation and fundamental principles that guide the Armed Forces in all joint operations.

A command, control, and communication (C3) system is an information system employed within a military organization. It is a general phrase that incorporates strategic and tactical systems. Consequently, a combat direction system, tactical data system, or warning and control system may each be considered C3 systems.

C2 indicates the process that JFCs use to plan, direct, coordinate, and control forces to accomplish assigned missions.

Effective C2 starts with well-trained and qualified people and an effective guiding philosophy and procedures. The joint force capitalizes on information and near simultaneous dissemination to turn information into actions.

Modern military theory divides war into strategic, operational, and tactical levels.

The basic elements of our command and control system are people, information, and the command and control support structure. The first element of command and control is people people who gather information, make decisions, take action, communicate, and cooperate with one another in the accomplishment of a common goal.

A command and control system is the arrangement of personnel, information management, procedures, and equipment and facilities essential for the commander to conduct operations.

The four basic elements in a control system are:

• the characteristic or condition to be controlled.
• the sensor.
• the comparator.
• the activator.

They analyze and describe an operational environment in terms of eight interrelated operational variables: political, military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, physical environment, and time (PMESII-PT).

Operational variables (or operationalizing definitions) refer to how you will define and measure a specific variable as it is used in your study. For example, if we are concerned with the effect of media violence on aggression, then we need to be very clear what we mean by the different terms.

At the most basic level, operational factors are simply the factors of space, time and force in relation to a given objective.

A business or operational process is an organized set of activities or tasks that produces a specific service or product. The process of providing a haircut often has three main parts. First hair washing, then the actual cutting, and finally styling with a brush and hair dryer.

The four types of process are projects, job shop processes, flow shop processes, and continuous flow processes.

Business Process Design – Three Types of Business Processes

• Operational process.
• Supporting process.
• Management process.