Students with disabilities make up 19 percent of those who receive corporal punishment, yet just 14 percent of the nationwide student population. Human rights law protects students with disabilities from violence and cruel and inhuman treatment, and guarantees them non-discriminatory access to an inclusive education.

In which of the following cases did the U.S. Supreme Court give school officials and the police the right to search students suspected of violating school rules? New Jersey v. T.L.O.

Lopez, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on January 22, 1975, ruled that, under the Fourteenth Amendment’s due process clause, public-school students facing suspensions are entitled to notice and a hearing.

The American Academy of Pediatrics has noted that “corporal punishment may adversely affect a student’s self-image and school achievement and it may contribute to disruptive and violent behavior.” American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on School Health, Corporal Punishment in Schools, 106:2 Pediatrics 343 (2000).

Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier

Decision: In 1985, the Supreme Court, by a 6-3 margin, ruled that New Jersey and the school had met a “reasonableness” standard for conducting such searches at school.

The Supreme Court ruled, in 1985, that under the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, searches of student property by school officials do not have to adhere to the strict standard of “probable cause” imposed upon law enforcement officers, but rather to “reasonable cause”–to believe that the search will reveal …

On January 15, 1985, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in New Jersey v. T.L.O., holding that public school administrators can search a student’s belongings if they have a reasonable suspicion of criminal activity. One of the girls was T.L.O., then a 14-year-old freshman. …

money. T.L.O. was charged with possession of marijuana. Before trial, T.L.O. moved to suppress evidence discovered in the search, but the Court denied her motion. The Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court of New Jersey, Middlesex County found her guilty and sentenced her to probation for one year.

T.L.O. was found delinquent and sentenced to probation for one year. However, New Jersey’s highest court ultimately reversed, holding, in T.L.O.’s case, the school administrator’s conduct was not reasonable because the mere possession of cigarettes did not violate school rules.

TLO

With advanced tools and proprietary linking technology, TLOxp skip tracing software filters through billions of public and proprietary records to help you complete weeks or even months of legwork in seconds. This state-of-the-art technology can be used through a user-friendly and customizable online interface.

The TLO is supportive of requests from MIT faculty and staff regarding distributing software via open source licenses, without fee or royalty.

Built on an architecture of supercomputers running proprietary linking and assessment algorithms, TLOxp filters through a massive repository of public and proprietary data almost instantly. When you search with TLOxp, you receive detailed reports filled with actionable data in seconds.

TLO® online investigative systems is a data solutions provider that searches people, businesses, criminal records, courts, and assets. Searches cost $1 and reports $5. Unhappy with results? No charge.

TLOxp® for Law Enforcement helps pinpoint investigative resources to aid in resolving crimes faster. Built for identifying, tracking and locating criminals, suspects and fugitives, this TransUnion Solution gives you access to powerful technology, analytics and data for more efficient and successful resolutions.

TransUnion Credit Reports The data available in TLOxp helps verify statements, discover inconsistencies and spot indicators for fraud. TRADS is not a consumer reporting agency and does not assemble, compile, or maintain report information.

TLOxp Social Media Basic Search and Comprehensive Report. TransUnion’s TLOxp® solution offers search and report functionality for access to (publicly-facing) social media and web data to support and enhance your investigations, research and due diligence.

TLO is available to any lawyer, paralegal, or legal librarian in addition to private investigators, collection agencies, business development executives, and other professionals.

In 1981, a Chicago-based holding company, The Marmon Group, acquired TransUnion for approximately $688 million. In 2010, Goldman Sachs Capital Partners and Advent International acquired it from Madison Dearborn Partners In 2014, TransUnion acquired Hank Asher’s data company TLO.

Exhibit 21.1

A U.S. regulator on Tuesday ordered credit reporting agencies TransUnion and Equifax (EFX) to pay more than $23.2 million in fines and restitution for deceiving consumers about the usefulness and cost of credit scores they bought.

2018

Free ID Protection. Did you know TransUnion offers completely free identity protection? It’s called TrueIdentity and it’s trusted by more than 1 million users.

between 661 and 720

FICO® considers a fair credit score to be between 580 and 669. VantageScore® says fair scores fall between 601 and 660.