In 1789, Congress created three Executive Departments: Foreign Affairs (later in the same year renamed State), Treasury, and War. It also provided for an Attorney General and a Postmaster General. Domestic matters were apportioned by Congress among these departments.

Cabinet: A governmental group composed of the most senior appointed officers of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States who are generally the heads of the federal executive departments.

The Cabinet includes the Vice President and the heads of 15 executive departments — the Secretaries of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs, as well as the …

The executive branch is composed of the president, vice president, and Cabinet members.

The Executive Branch conducts diplomacy with other nations and the President has the power to negotiate and sign treaties, which the Senate ratifies. The President can issue executive orders, which direct executive officers or clarify and further existing laws.

HOMELAND SECURITY DEPARTMENT

The Department of Health and Human Services has the largest budget, and the Department of Homeland Security is the newest. The other departments are those of the Treasury, Justice, the Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Housing and Urban Development, Transportation, Energy, Education, and Veterans Affairs.

Order of Establishment of the Executive Departments

The staff work for and report directly to the president, including West Wing staff and the president’s senior advisers….White House Office.

Although President Washington oversaw the construction of the house, he never lived in it. It was not until 1800, when the White House was nearly completed, that its first residents, President John Adams and his wife, Abigail, moved in. Since that time, each President has made his own changes and additions.

These roles are: (1) chief of state, (2) chief executive, (3) chief administrator, (4) chief diplomat, (5) commander in chief, (6) chief legislator, (7) party chief, and (8) chief citizen.

It provides that the president can send the U.S. Armed Forces into action abroad only by declaration of war by Congress, “statutory authorization,” or in case of “a national emergency created by attack upon the United States, its territories or possessions, or its armed forces.”

A PRESIDENT CANNOT . . . declare war. decide how federal money will be spent. interpret laws. choose Cabinet members or Supreme Court Justices without Senate approval.

The Constitution grants Congress the sole power to declare war. Congress approved its last formal declaration of war during World War II. Since that time it has agreed to resolutions authorizing the use of military force and continues to shape U.S. military policy through appropriations and oversight.

There is disagreement about how the pardon power applies to cases involving obstructions of an impeachment. Also, the ability of a president to pardon themselves (self-pardon) has never been tested in the courts, because, to date, no president has ever taken that action.

The amendment was passed by Congress in 1947, and was ratified by the states on 27 February 1951. The Twenty-Second Amendment says a person can only be elected to be president two times for a total of eight years. It does make it possible for a person to serve up to ten years as president.

Does a presidential pardon expunge or erase the conviction for which the pardon was granted? No. Instead, both the federal conviction as well as the pardon would both appear on your record.

Pardon Effects Pardons symbolize forgiveness for the crime, but usually don’t wipe out guilt or expunge the conviction. This typically means that, where asked, job applicants must disclose the conviction, though they can add that a pardon was granted.

All 50 states have provisions in the State Constitution that allow the Governor to grant people convicted of crimes in their state clemency. The United States Constitution grants the President the power to grant clemency to people who have been convicted of Federal crimes.

Clemency is a general term for reducing the penalties for a particular crime without actually clearing your criminal record. A pardon is meant to indicate forgiveness of a particular crime, either because a person was wrongfully convicted or the punishment was not appropriate for the crime committed.