Pavlov’s Dogs. Like many great scientific advances, Pavlovian conditioning (aka classical conditioning) was discovered accidentally. During the 1890s, Russian physiologist, Ivan Pavlov was researching salivation in dogs in response to being fed.

Classical conditioning (also known as Pavlovian or respondent conditioning) is learning through association and was discovered by Pavlov, a Russian physiologist. In simple terms, two stimuli are linked together to produce a new learned response in a person or animal.

Ivan Pavlov

Josef Breuer

Behavioral Activation for most depressive disorders: Behavioral activation therapy (BAT) is, perhaps, the most effective nonmedical intervention for most depressive disorders, especially for mild to moderately severe unipolar depression.

1950s

Early Origins It’s an ancient tradition that often served as a kind of therapy, helping others heal while passing on indelible wisdom to support others. More than 3,500 years ago, references to “healing through words” appeared in ancient Egyptian and Greek writings.

The term “counselling” is of American origin, coined by Carl Rogers, who, lacking a medical qualification was prevented from calling his work psychotherapy. In the U.S., counselling psychology, like many modern psychology specialties, started as a result of World War II.

Co-founded by Roni and Oren Frank in 2012, Talkspace promotes behavioral health as a lifestyle, not as a one-time event.

Common behavioral techniques include:

1. Scheduling activities that bring you enjoyment and a sense of accomplishment.
2. Recognizing how your actions influence your thoughts and emotions.
3. Making the best use of your time.
4. Breaking down daunting tasks into more manageable ones.
5. Facing your fears gradually so they diminish.